编集拙诗成一十五卷因题卷末戏赠元九李二十
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唐代]:白居易
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一篇长恨有风情,十首秦吟近正声。
每被老元偷格律,苦教短李伏歌行。
世间富贵应无分,身后文章合有名。
莫怪气粗言语大,新排十五卷诗成。
编集拙诗成一十五卷因题卷末戏赠元九李二十译文及注释
译文
一篇《长恨歌》多么有文采风情,十首《秦中吟》则是匡时济世的正声。
常常被元稹学去了我诗中的格律,李绅也不得不佩服我的歌行。
世间的富贵我大概没有缘分,身后文章才会留下我的声名。
别笑我气粗,满口大话,新编的十五卷诗集已经完成。
注释
元九:指元稹(微之);李二十:指李绅。这二人都是诗人白居易的好友。
长恨:指诗人于元和元年(806年)创作的著名长诗《长恨歌》。此诗叙述唐玄宗与杨贵妃的爱情悲剧,其中对唐玄宗的重色误国进行了某些讽刺,所以他自认其诗有风人之情,美刺之旨。
秦吟:指诗人于贞元、元和之际创作的一组反映民间疾苦的著名讽喻诗——《秦中吟》。正声:指《诗经》中的“雅诗”。
老元:指元稹。偷:朋友间的戏词,实际上是学习、效仿的意思。格律:作诗在字数、句数、平仄、押韵等方面的格式。
短李:指李绅。《新唐书·李绅传》:“(绅)为人短小精悍,于诗最有名,时号短李。”伏:通“服”,佩服,服气。
应:大概。无分:没有缘分。
身后:死后。合:应该。
言语大:夸口,说大话。
排:编排。
参考资料:
1、吴大奎 马秀娟.元稹白居易诗选译.成都:巴蜀书社,1991:214-216
编集拙诗成一十五卷因题卷末戏赠元九李二十创作背景
唐宪宗元和十年(815年)诗人白居易因遭谗被贬江州(今江西九江)。自己虽在政治宦途上遭挫,但多年来所创作的几百首诗文却足以自矜。于是,他“检讨囊帙”,将约八百首诗,分为四类:讽谕诗、闲适诗、感伤诗、杂律诗,编成十五卷,集成后题了这首诗。
参考资料:
1、周啸天 等.唐诗鉴赏辞典补编.成都:四川文艺出版社,1990:514-515
编集拙诗成一十五卷因题卷末戏赠元九李二十鉴赏
此诗既是诗人为自己的诗集题记,又是赠友之作,而且是“戏赠”,即兼有与友人戏谑的意思。全诗八句,诗人首先举出自己全部诗作中最有名气、流传最广的代表作,表明自己的创作用心。先列出长篇叙事诗《长恨歌》,强调其情感文采;再列出讽喻组诗《秦中吟》,强调其社会价值:接近《诗经》之“正声”。白居易特意列举出了自己的这些作品,意在表明自己的以诗歌干预现实的思想和自己成功的实践。
诗第三、四两句下,诗人曾分别自注:“元九向江陵日,尝以拙诗一轴赠行,自是格变。”又注:“李二十尝自负歌行,近见余乐府五十首,默然心伏。”元稹写诗乃受到白居易的启发,李绅、白居易同作乐府,但白居易的新乐府诗,后来居上,令李绅自叹弗如,这里称元稹为“老元”,称李绅为“短李”,又故称曰“偷”、曰“伏”,都朋友之间的戏辞,由此也可见元、李、白三诗人之间的亲密无间的关系。诗中接着写“世间富贵应无分,身后文章合有名”这是诗人结合自己命运遭际的牢骚话。他说:世上富贵人人所羡,但我却命中无份,看来只有身后的文名,聊可自慰了。这里虽有对自己诗才的自许,但也蕴含着不平和辛酸。白居易后来在与遭谗被贬的好友刘禹锡会面时,曾即席赋诗相赠,其中有诗云:“诗称国手徒为尔,命压人头不奈何。举眼风光长寂寞,满朝官职独蹉跎。”这虽是就诗人刘禹锡的遭遇说的,但也是发诗人自己的心声。最后,诗人更以故做自傲的语气,夸饰自己新编诗集后的得意心情。
从写作背景来看,诗人在这首诗中所蕴含的感情是复杂的,表面上是自矜自许,是对自己文章的夸耀,是对友人的戏谑,但实质上充满不平、辛酸和自嘲,当然也不乏对自己才能的自豪。从整个诗的风格来看,可以说是亦庄亦谐,名曰“题卷”,而不拘泥于记事;称为“戏赠”,并不仅是戏言。全诗对仗工整,一气呵成,寓深意于轻松调侃之中,既诙谐幽默,又耐人寻味。
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白居易(772年-846年),字乐天,号香山居士,又号醉吟先生,祖籍太原,到其曾祖父时迁居下邽,生于河南新郑。是唐代伟大的现实主义诗人,唐代三大诗人之一。白居易与元稹共同倡导新乐府运动,世称“元白”,与刘禹锡并称“刘白”。白居易的诗歌题材广泛,形式多样,语言平易通俗,有“诗魔”和“诗王”之称。官至翰林学士、左赞善大夫。公元846年,白居易在洛阳逝世,葬于香山。有《白氏长庆集》传世,代表诗作有《长恨歌》、《卖炭翁》、《琵琶行》等。
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