游崇真观南楼睹新及第题名处
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唐代]:鱼玄机
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云峰满目放春晴,历历银钩指下生。
自恨罗衣掩诗句,举头空羡榜中名。
游崇真观南楼睹新及第题名处译文及注释
译文
楼前峰峦起伏充满视野春日里天气放晴,清晰遒劲的文字在新科进士的手下产生。
恨只恨自己的女子身份掩盖了诗文才华,只能抬头空自羡慕那金榜上的进士题名。
注释
崇真观:道观名,在长安(今陕西西安)朱雀街东新昌坊。唐时新科及第的进士榜上有名,便在崇真观南楼高高张贴。及第:科举应试中选。隋唐时考中进士称及第。因榜上题名有甲乙次第,故名。
云峰:高耸入云的山峰。满目:充满视野。
历历:分明可数,清晰貌。
银钩:比喻遒媚刚劲的书法。唐杜甫《陈拾遗故宅》诗:“到今素壁滑,洒翰银钩连。”此处指榜上题写的文字。
罗衣:轻软丝织品制成的衣服。此处泛指女性服装。作者谓自己是女性,虽然能诗会文,也被阻挡,不能进考场。掩诗句:指掩盖了自己的诗文才华。
榜中名:古代科举考试录取金榜上的人名。
游崇真观南楼睹新及第题名处创作背景
此诗当作于唐宣宗大中十二年(858年)春。《唐才子传》里记载了这件事:一日,鱼玄机到长安城南风光秀丽的崇真观中游览,正碰到一群新科进士争相在观壁上题诗留名,她见了羡慕不已。待进士们题完后,鱼玄机也满怀感慨地题下了这首七绝以抒心志。
游崇真观南楼睹新及第题名处鉴赏
这首诗抒发了她满怀雄才大志,却无法与须眉争雄的怅然心情。唐代进士在崇真观南楼高高张贴题名,这是朝野瞩目的盛事,长安人争相前往观看。鱼玄机看得又羡又气,心绪难平:科举以诗取士,她枉自写得锦绣诗篇,也备受文人推崇,根本就不会输给男人,却与功名无缘。
鱼玄机的诗在当时和后世都为人盛赞,明代文学家钟惺甚至夸她为“才媛中之诗圣”。此诗就写得非常大气,大有巾帼不让须眉的豪情。首句以春日放晴来象征放榜,蟾宫折桂;次写看到上榜士子在崇真观壁上题名的盛况。这两句写得气势雄浑,势吞山河,正抒发了她满怀的雄才大志。后两句笔锋一转,写自己有诗才,却因为是女子,不能参与科举考试,空有满腹才情,无法与须眉男子一争长短,羡慕也是徒然。鱼玄机恨自己生为女儿身,不然就可以像那些及第举子一样赢得功名,披红戴锦,一日看遍长安花。此诗流露出争强好胜而又无奈的心情。
诗中一个“自恨”和“空羡”包含了女诗人无限的悲凉和无奈,包含了女诗人无限叹息和不满,也包含了女诗人无限的自信和诉求。自古以来,科举制度只给男人提供了展示自己才华、实现人生价值的机会。而女子,无论多么有才华,也只能“空羡”,只能空怀怅恨。这首诗是她对自己空有满腹才华和满腔热血的酸楚和激愤,对自己无法像一个男子一样实现自己的理想的叹息和呐喊,表面上是怨恨自己不能像男人一样参加科举,却蕴含了对埋没女子聪明才智的重男轻女的男权社会的怨恨和不满,不甘埋没、不甘雌伏的勇迈情怀和傲兀精神在这首诗中得到了充分的体现。从这里可以看出鱼玄机是一位有才华,有志向,有追求,有理想的自信的女子。
自古道:女子无才便是德。在世人眼里都觉得女子只用在家相夫教子就行,考取功名,建功立业只是男子的事。在那样一个时代,一位有如此才情和思想的女子实属难得。
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赵秉文《
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水调歌头·四明有狂客》
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魏徵《
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述怀》
鱼玄机简介
唐代·鱼玄机的简介
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鱼玄机,女,晚唐诗人,长安(今陕西西安)人。初名鱼幼微,字蕙兰。咸通(唐懿宗年号,860—874)中为补阙李亿妾,以李妻不能容,进长安咸宜观出家为女道士。后被京兆尹温璋以打死婢女之罪名处死。鱼玄机性聪慧,有才思,好读书,尤工诗。与李冶、薛涛、刘采春并称唐代四大女诗人。鱼玄机其诗作现存五十首,收于《全唐诗》。有《鱼玄机集》一卷。其事迹见《唐才子传》等书。
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