山坡羊·大江东去
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元代]：薛昂夫
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大江东去，长安西去，为功名走遍天涯路。厌舟车，喜琴书，早星星鬓影瓜田暮。心待足时名便足。高，高处苦；低，低处苦。
山坡羊·大江东去译文及注释
译文
江水滔滔东流入海，车轮滚滚西往长安，我为了博取和保持功名走遍了天南海北。厌恶了车马舟船的旅途劳顿，喜欢悠闲自在地抚琴读书，我早已两鬓斑白像种瓜的召平到了暮年。心里知足了，功名也就满足了。深居高位，有高的苦处；身居低位，有低的苦处。
注释
山坡羊：曲牌名。北曲中吕宫、南曲商调，都有同名曲牌。
长安：今西安。
厌舟车：厌倦了舟车之苦，有了退隐之想。
喜琴书：喜欢退隐弹琴读书。晋陶渊明《归去来兮辞》中云“乐琴书以消忧”。
星星鬓影：两鬓斑白如星。
待：将要。
参考资料：
1、周青云．历代诗词曲精选．湖南：湖南大学出版社，2004：497
山坡羊·大江东去创作背景
薛昂夫身为色目人，享有许多特权，一生仕宦多年，到处奔波，这首小令表达的就是他对自己所走道路的反思和否定。
参考资料：
1、黄克．中国古典韵文精选文库·元曲精选．北京：中国国际广播出版社，1999：432
山坡羊·大江东去鉴赏
首三句写出作者早年为功名利禄奔波于大江南北的辛酸和痛苦。“大江东去”袭自苏轼《念奴娇·赤壁怀占》，但却没有苏词的豪放。它与次句“长安两去”形成对仗，作者在小令《塞鸿秋》所写的“功名万里忙如雁，斯文一脉微如线。光阴寸隙流如电．风霜两鬓自如练”，也是此意。只不过一气呵成，连用四个长句构成“连璧对”。更为酣畅淋漓罢了。
中间三句作者用陶渊明及召平典来写隐居生活。“厌舟车，喜琴书”。喜琴书即陶渊明在《归来去兮辞》中所写的那种文人雅士的诗意生活。一厌一喜，对比鲜明，文气跌宕有致。时人刘将孙称赞薛昂夫：“以公侯胄子人门家地如此，顾萧然如书生，厉志于诗，其志意过流俗远矣。”（《九皋诗集序》）可见，这并非是作者的自我标榜，而是真性情的自然流露。“瓜田暮”是用典，表示隐居生活。据《史记·萧相国世家》记载：“召平者，故秦东陵侯。秦破，为布衣。贫，种瓜于长安城东。瓜美，故世俗谓之‘东陵瓜’，从召平以为名也。”召平是一个非常具有政治远见的有才之士。韩信被诛以后，刘邦派使者拜萧何为相国，“益封五千户，令卒五百人一都尉为相国卫。诸君皆贺，召平独吊”。他为萧何剖析利害关系，劝其让封不受。召平于秦亡汉兴后之所以高蹈远祸，归隐不仕，当是对刘邦大肆屠杀功臣的行为有所不满。在薛昂夫售勺散曲中多次提到召平，如“召圃无荒地”（《双调·庆东原》）、“瓜苦瓜甜，秦衰秦盛，青门浪得名”（《中吕·朝天曲》）等。作者在官场竞逐中青春消尽，两鬓如霜，极度厌倦了官场的倾轧争斗，憧憬向往着召平式的隐逸生活。虽然这种隐居生活注定要远离名利，但“心待足时名便足”，只要能摆脱“名缰利锁”，像召平那样甘于寂寞和平淡，就一定能够让生命自在徜徉。
末尾“高，高处苦；低，低处苦。”是指个人命运的得失穷达。在中国古代文学中较多表现的是“低，低处苦”。即文人的困顿不遇。“高，高处苦”则相对表现的较少。所谓高处苦，这当是作者对宦海生涯的真切体验，而非一般文人想象之词，当然，相对于张养浩所说的“兴，亡百姓；亡，百姓苦”（《山坡羊·潼关怀古》），此作还是过于拘泥于个人的成败得失，在境界上稍逊一筹。
此曲抒写作者身居宦海的苦闷与自省。作者虽有退隐之想，却并未做到。说只要心满足也就得到满足，又说在高处做官也苦，在低处隐居也有低处的苦，道出了人生的矛盾，表现了真实的内心情感。
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李涉《
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薛昂夫简介
唐代·薛昂夫的简介
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薛昂夫(1267—1359) 元代散曲家。回鹘（即今维吾尔族）人。原名薛超吾，以第一字为姓。先世内迁，居怀孟路（治所在今河南沁阳）。祖、父皆封覃国公。汉姓为马，又字九皋，故亦称马昂夫、马九皋。据赵孟頫《薛昂夫诗集序》（《松雪斋文集》），他曾执弟子礼于刘辰翁(1234～1297)门下，约可推知他生年约在元初至元年间。历官江西省令史，佥典瑞院事、太平路总管、衢州路总管等职。薛昂夫善篆书，有诗名，诗集已佚。诗作存于《皇元风雅后集》、《元诗选》等集中。
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闻说学诗如学仙，怪来诗思渺无边。自怜犹裹痴人骨，岂意妄得麻姑鞭。
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