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《拟咏怀十一》原文及意思全解_庾信作品-<br /> <b>Warning</b>: Use of undefined constant sitename - assumed 'sitename' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in <b>/www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php</b> on line <b>26</b><br /> 怎祝网
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拟咏怀十一

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南北朝
]:庾信


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摇落秋为气,凄凉多怨情。

啼枯湘水竹,哭坏杞梁城。

天亡遭愤战,日蹙值愁兵。

直虹朝映垒,长星夜落营。

楚歌饶恨曲,南风多死声。

眼前一杯酒,谁论身后名!

拟咏怀十一创作背景

  诗人借悼念梁元帝的江陵之败和梁朝灭亡的悲剧,表现出一种痛定思痛的怀念故国之意。

拟咏怀十一鉴赏

  “摇落秋为气,凄凉多怨情”是借宋玉《九辩》“悲哉秋之为气也!萧瑟兮草木摇落而变衰”之句来写景,并以秋风萧瑟、草木摇落的凄凉之景引出对往事的追忆。诗起首就奠定了全诗的悲怨基调,后面的用典也就大多与悲怨愤恨及其死亡相关。“啼枯湘水竹,哭坏杞梁城”一是用舜死时两个妃子为其而哭,泪洒竹上尽成斑点的典故,二是用春秋时齐国大夫杞梁为齐国伐莒,死于莒国城下,其妻号哭过于哀痛,而导致杞的城墙为之崩塌。作者用此两典,暗示梁元帝的失败和江陵城的陷落。“天亡遭愤战”后的六句借典故转入对梁灭亡的反思,言说梁灭亡前乃有不少败亡的征兆,说明国亡兵败乃是天意所致,其深层则含有谴责之意。“天亡遭愤战”引项羽之典。项羽兵败时对乌江亭长说:“此天要亡我,我又何必渡江呢?”然后自刎而亡。“遭愤战”是指遭遇使人怨愤的战争。“日蹙值愁兵”指梁的国土一天比一天在缩减,将士为之而愁也没有什么用处了。“直虹朝映垒,长星夜落营”,借天文之象暗喻梁早已显出败亡的迹象。《晋书·天文志》载:“虹头尾至地,流血之象”。长虹映照军营战垒是兵败的征兆,而长星流落营中又为主将陨落的先兆。“楚歌饶恨曲,南风多死声”,仍是用典。“楚歌”句用项羽兵困垓下,夜闻汉军四面楚歌之典,寓含梁朝江陵兵败多有怨恨之意;“南风”句则引《左传·襄公十八年》晋人对阵楚师则歌南风,多有死声,预言楚必然无功而返,而暗指梁元帝必败。以上六句都是引典而暗寓江陵败局乃天意难违。则有两解,一是谴责梁朝的君臣只顾眼前的享乐,将士养尊处优,不思战争,皇帝也淫逸骄奢,不虑身后的骂名;第二解则可理解为作者的愤激之言,说的是梁亡乃必然之事,我也就借酒浇愁,不管他身后的荣誉与名声了。庾信羁留北方而不能南归,预想自己肯定会被人诟病,但想到梁的腐败无能与不可挽救,也就顾不得论身后之名而借酒浇愁了。实际上这是庾信的愤激之言,梁必败早就有预兆,我等又何德何能力挽狂澜于既倒呢?那就暂且以杯中酒而自我安慰吧!


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苏轼《
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千秋岁·次韵少游》


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辛弃疾《
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杏花天·病来自是于春懒》

庾信简介

唐代·庾信的简介


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庾信


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庾信(513—581)字子山,小字兰成,北周时期人。南阳新野(今属河南)人。他以聪颖的资质,在梁这个南朝文学的全盛时代积累了很高的文学素养,又来到北方,以其沉痛的生活经历丰富了创作的内容,并多少接受了北方文化的某些因素,从而形成自己的独特面貌。

...〔 ► 庾信的诗(453篇)

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炉烟摇漾奈风何,似妾心头委曲多。担得虚名招嫉妒,悔因坚约致蹉跎。

双关语秘瞒青鸟,一尺身悬抵绛河。剩有悲愁相对分,不忙时节定来过。


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幽意值所适,冶游良未然。木末摇东风,溪水鸣溅溅。

人心抱幽默,相激各自贤。岂不愿安静,逼抑成沸煎。


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流尘拂还集,絜糒俨然陈。

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屋上即青山,柴扉镇日嵌。

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