任弘农尉献州刺史乞假还京
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唐代]：李商隐
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黄昏封印点刑徒，愧负荆山入座隅。
却羡卞和双刖足，一生无复没阶趋。
任弘农尉献州刺史乞假还京译文及注释
译文
黄昏时候散衙封印，清点在押的囚徒，惭愧啊，有负你了，荆山，又映进座隅。
这时倒羡慕卞和，他被砍掉了双足，好免得一生一世，在阶前屈辱奔趋。
注释
弘农：今河南灵宝。尉：县尉，与县丞同为县令佐官，掌治安捕盗之事。乞假：请假。
封印：旧时官署于岁暮年初停止办公，称为“封印”。刑徒：受刑之人；囚徒。
愧负：自愧逊色。荆山：此处指虢州湖城县（今河南灵宝）南的荆山，乃传说中黄帝铸鼎处。座隅：座位的旁边。
卞（biàn）和：春秋楚人。相传他得玉璞，先后献给楚厉王和楚武王，都被认为欺诈，受刑砍去双脚。楚文王即位，他抱璞哭于荆山下，文王使人琢璞，得宝玉，名为“和氏璧”。刖（yuè）足：断足，是古代的一种酷刑。
没（mò）阶：尽阶，走完台阶，为迎送宾客的礼貌行为。趋：小步快走，表示恭敬。这里是用来状写身为县尉的诗人每日在官府趋奉奔走的情景。
参考资料：
1、陈永正．李商隐诗选译．成都：巴蜀书社，1991：50-51
任弘农尉献州刺史乞假还京创作背景
这首诗作于唐文宗开成四年（839）。当年李商隐再次应吏部试被录取，释褐为秘书省校书郎。这个职务虽为九品上阶，很容易升为翰林学士或知制诰之类。可是，由于朋党倾轧，他马上又被调补弘农尉。就在这种情形下他愤而辞职，这首诗就是当时他写给州刺史“乞假”的。
参考资料：
1、陈永正．李商隐诗选译．成都：巴蜀书社，1991：50-51
任弘农尉献州刺史乞假还京鉴赏
此诗一开头就从这卑微低贱的尉职说起，“黄昏封印点刑徒”，“封印”、“点刑徒”，这就是县尉每天黄昏时的例行公事。诗人不是含糊地一笔带过，而是具体地、不厌其烦地一一点出，更显示了这职责的无聊和不堪忍受。
第二句“愧负荆山入座隅”，与首句成一鲜明对比，以荆山的巍峨高耸反衬自己的沉沦下僚。李商隐赴弘农尉任时曾途经荆山，并写了一首《荆山》诗，诗云：“压河连华势孱颜，鸟没云归一望间。杨仆移关三百里，可能全是为荆山。”对荆山极力赞美，因此这里才顺手拈来反衬自己的处境。
诗的后两句是用典：相传春秋时楚人卞和在荆山（今湖北南漳县南）得到一块玉璞，曾献之于楚厉王和武王，都被误认为是石头，而以欺君之罪先后把他的双足砍掉。后来，楚文王即位，才使玉人治之，得宝玉，名之曰“和氏之璧”。卞和得璞的荆山与作者所在的荆山同名，故有这样的联想。卞和因献玉而两次被刖足，这是无比悲惨的遭遇。可是李商隐却希望自己能像卞和那样把双足砍断，这样，就再也不必在官府奉迎趋拜了，其惨烈又还迥出乎卞和之上。
李商隐写作曾被人讥为“獭祭鱼”，因为他很喜欢用典。其实李商隐诗的许多典故都是用得很成功的，比如这首诗，在用典上就有两点很值得注意：一是自然巧妙。诗人是从眼前的荆山联想到卞和得玉石的荆山，又由这一荆山联想到卞和献玉的不幸遭遇，又由卞和之不幸联想到自己之不幸，所以就非用这一典不可。二是花样翻新。它不是一般的比附或替代式的用典，而是根据内容需要来用典，“典”只是辅，只是宾，是诗人此时那种强烈愤懑之情的映衬，一个“羡”字，真是惊心动魄，令人不忍卒读。
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辛弃疾《
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踏莎行·赋稼轩集经句》
李商隐简介
唐代·李商隐的简介
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李商隐，字义山，号玉溪（谿）生、樊南生，唐代著名诗人，祖籍河内（今河南省焦作市）沁阳，出生于郑州荥阳。他擅长诗歌写作，骈文文学价值也很高，是晚唐最出色的诗人之一，和杜牧合称“小李杜”，与温庭筠合称为“温李”，因诗文与同时期的段成式、温庭筠风格相近，且三人都在家族里排行第十六，故并称为“三十六体”。其诗构思新奇，风格秾丽，尤其是一些爱情诗和无题诗写得缠绵悱恻，优美动人，广为传诵。但部分诗歌过于隐晦迷离，难于索解，至有“诗家总爱西昆好，独恨无人作郑笺”之说。因处于牛李党争的夹缝之中，一生很不得志。死后葬于家乡沁阳（今河南焦作市沁阳与博爱县交界之处）。作品收录为《李义山诗集》。
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