出城
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唐代]：李贺
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雪下桂花稀，啼乌被弹归。
关水乘驴影，秦风帽带垂。
入乡诚可重，无印自堪悲。
卿卿忍相问，镜中双泪姿。
出城译文及注释
译文
桂花在大雪覆压下显得稀落，乌鸦被弹丸击中带伤飞回归。
关水倒映着孤单的骑驴身影，萧索的朔风把帽带吹得低垂。
回家重温欢乐温暖值得欣慰，但无法取得官印而归真可悲。
心爱的人当会忍着苦痛询问，只见镜中二人默默相对而泣。
注释
桂花稀：喻落第。唐人以登科为折桂。
关水：关中之水。指长安附近的河流。
诚可重：一作“试万里”，一作“诚万里”。
卿卿：爱妻。
出城创作背景
此诗当作于元和四年（809）李贺长安应进士举失败之后。应试失败对李贺来说是一个沉重的打击。这真是人才毁灭的悲剧。他怀着悲哀绝望的心情，黯然伤神地离开那曾经使他热切向往的京城。这首《出城》就是他离京的时候写出来的。
参考资料：
1、闵泽平．李贺全集汇校汇注汇评．武汉：崇文书局，2015：37-38
出城鉴赏
这首诗是李贺入长安应试失败而归之后作的，是他当时心情的极好写照。
雪花在飘飘扬扬，大地白茫茫的，虽然时间是桂花盛遍的深秋，但在大雪覆压下，桂花显得稀稀落落；雪天里，一只被弹丸击伤的乌鸦，耷拉着翅膀在空中飞着，回到自己的巢去。这一幅凄凉冷落的景色是诗人哀伤感情的形象化，它又暗喻着自己落选，受小人攻击失意而归的境况。在前两句凄冷背景的映衬下，三、四两句诗人刻画了自己在归途中的落寞孤寂的形象。他骑在瘦驴下孤单的身影，倒映在清清的灞水里；萧索的朔风劲吹着，帽带低垂，像是在朔风中萧瑟着。以上四句白雪、桂花、飞鸟、朔风、骑着瘦驴的诗人，构成了一幅情感哀戚、色调惨淡的画面。在这幅画面里，孤独的瘦诗人，骑在一匹瘦驴上，怀着一腔哀愁，在风中雪里，踽踽行进。诗的后四句转入抒情，“入乡诚可重，无印自堪悲。”两句抒述了诗人矛盾的心情。回到家乡又重温家庭的欢乐温暖，这是值得欣慰珍重的；但是入京应试，“被弹”而归，孑然一身，一事无成，真是可悲。这种矛盾复杂的心情，在当时的知识分子当中是具有典型意义的。“卿卿”两句大有深意可挖。“卿卿”语自《世说新语·惑溺》：“王安丰妇常卿安丰。安丰曰：‘妇人卿婿，于礼为不敬，后勿复尔！’妇曰：‘亲卿爱卿，是以卿卿；我不卿卿，谁当卿卿？’遂恒听之。”“卿卿”在此，绝对不可能是除李贺之妻的另外任何人。这里是通过对到家之后，和妻子相聚时情状的描写，进一步抒发自己悲苦的心情。这次入京应考不仅是他自己的事，全家都希望他成功，尤其是他的妻子。这种境况下回家，不知道有什么可说的。丈夫“垂翅”归来，妻子一瞧神色便什么也明白了。她怕丈夫增添痛苦，只好佯装照镜掩饰自己，不料“双泪”不争气地直往下流。可见，李贺之妻颇善解人意。
这不只是个人的坎坷际遇，也是中唐时期不少诗人所共同的，人才被压制毁灭的悲歌。
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陶渊明《
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五月旦作和戴主簿》
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李贺《
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公无出门》
李贺简介
唐代·李贺的简介
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李贺（约公元791年-约817年），字长吉，汉族，唐代河南福昌（今河南洛阳宜阳县）人，家居福昌昌谷，后世称李昌谷，是唐宗室郑王李亮后裔。有“诗鬼”之称，是与“诗圣”杜甫、“诗仙”李白、“诗佛”王维相齐名的唐代著名诗人。著有《昌谷集》。李贺是中唐的浪漫主义诗人，与李白、李商隐称为唐代三李。有“‘太白仙才，长吉鬼才’之说。李贺是继屈原、李白之后，中国文学史上又一位颇享盛誉的浪漫主义诗人。李贺长期的抑郁感伤，焦思苦吟的生活方式，元和八年（813年）因病辞去奉礼郎回昌谷，27岁英年早逝。
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