忆齐安郡
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唐代]：杜牧
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平生睡足处，云梦泽南州。
一夜风欺竹，连江雨送秋。
格卑常汩汩，力学强悠悠。
终掉尘中手，潇湘钓漫流。
忆齐安郡译文及注释
译文
在我一生中睡眠最充足的地方，就是云梦泽的南部的黄州。
一夜都是风吹竹子声响，连着江面的阴雨送来了秋意。
格调卑下通常就才思如泉涌不断，努力学习就能强胜忧愁。
相信最终能够回转尘世中的凡手，到思念的潇湘之地做那不同于屈原的渔父来钓鱼在江流。
注释
齐安郡：即黄州。
平生：平素、往常。
云梦泽：古江汉平原上的众多湖泊。
风欺竹：形容厉风刮竹枝的情景。
格卑：谓自己官秩、等级卑下。格，品等，差秩。
汩汩（gǔ）：水急流貌，指文思源源不断。
力学：努力学习。
掉：回转。
漫流：水势很大的河流，四处流淌的河流，此处指潇湘的大水流。
参考资料：
1、周蒙，冯宇主编．全唐诗广选新注集评 8：辽宁人民出版社，1994.08：140
忆齐安郡创作背景
这首诗当作于会昌四年（844年）九月杜牧离黄州刺史任后，或作于其在池州任时。诗人回忆其在黄州时的生活，并盼望能摆脱尘务，过上悠然闲适的隐逸生活，有感而发创作了这首诗。
参考资料：
1、吴在庆撰．杜牧诗文选评：上海古籍出版社，2002年10月：134
忆齐安郡鉴赏
首联写作者在黄州作刺史时睡足了大觉。颔联写黄州多风雨，整夜风吹竹响，雨连江而来，阴雨连绵，秋意弥漫。杜牧在黄州的住处多竹子，“玉子纹楸一路饶，最宜檐雨竹萧萧”、“竹冈蟠小径，剧折斗蛇来。二三年得归去，知绕几千凹？”杜牧在黄州时公务小多，黄州义地僻多雨，使他心情抑郁，他在《齐安郡晚秋》中写：“雨暗残灯棋散后，酒醒孤枕雁来初。”可见孤寂苦闷。“一夜风欺竹，连江雨送秋”四句，苏东坡很欣赏，曾用其语作诗：“平生睡足连汀雨，尽日舟横拍岸风。”
杜牧本来是个很有抱负的人，他在黄州刺史任上写过一首《郡斋独酌》诗，其中有：“平生五色线，愿补舜衣裳。弦歌教燕赵，兰芷浴河涅。腥膻一扫洒，凶狠皆披攘。生人但眠食，寿域富农桑。”经时济世、强国寓民足他生平的志向。这时候又正值回鹘入侵．边塞用兵，杜牧自认“于治乱兴亡之迹，财赋兵甲之事，地形之险易远近。古人之长短得失”皆有心得，写诗说：“臣实有长策，彼可徐鞭笞。如蒙一召议，食肉寝其皮。”偏偏李德裕当政，朝廷不肯用他。僻处黄州，抱负与才能无处施展，杜牧既苦闷又愤懑。既失落而又失望，愤世嫉俗，满腹牢骚，“愤悱欲谁语，忧愠不能持”，自嘲“人才自朽下，弃去亦其宜”。这种情况下，他既无事可做，又心情苦闷，只好喝酒解愁，醉倒了事。《雨中作》诗中写：“贱子本幽慵，多为隽贤侮。得州荒僻中，更值连江雨。一褐拥秋寒，小窗侵竹坞。浊醪气色严，皤腹瓶罂古。酣酣天地宽，倪倪嵇刘伍。但为适性情，岂是藏鳞羽。一世一万朝，朝朝醉中去。”其中隐含着“假如三万六千日，半是悲哀半是愁”的意思。
但酒毕竟不能解愁，只会使人更加消沉，杜牧当然也不会真的整天喝酒。颈联写诗人在黄州写了不少诗文，文思汩汩，且努力学习，希望在学问方面有所进益，超脱俗世。格卑指诗文格调卑下，大约是作者自感耽酒过多、消极过甚的关系。杜牧在晚年的一篇文章《上刑部崔尚书状》中叙说了自己十余年来读书作文的情况：“某比于流辈，疏阔慵怠，不知趋向。惟好读书，多忘；为文，格卑。”读书为文是杜牧的喜好，也是他的长处，“多忘”“格卑”云云，都是自谦之词。杜牧一向勤学，“某世业儒学，门高、曾至于某身，家风不坠，少小孜孜，至今不怠”。他在黄州虽然不得志，但是诗歌创作和学问文章都很有收获。他在黄州的涛作遍及古诗、律诗、绝句各种体裁，其中佳句迭出，名篇很多。有优美的写景绝句，有思乡念友的，有怀古揽胜的，有感慨国事的，有感伤抒怀的，有叙说志向的等等。
至于学问上的追求，杜牧在《冬至日寄小侄阿宜诗》中先是追溯了一番家世，着重强调了祖父杜佑的传世伟著《通典》，“我家公相家，剑佩尝丁当。旧第开朱门，长安城中央。第中尤一物，万卷书满堂。家集二百编。上下驰皇王。多是抚州写，今来五纪强。”然后列出了他认为的必读书目，“经书括根本，史书阅兴亡。高摘屈宋艳，浓薰班马香。李杜泛浩浩，韩柳摩苍苍。近者四君子，与古争强梁。”他重视经史政兵和典章制度之学，于诗文推崇屈宋班马李杜韩柳，这基本上就是他的学问方向。
尾联说他总有一天辞官不做，弃绝俗世，到潇湘泽畔做个钓翁。杜牧在《兰溪》诗中写黄州的一处景致：“兰溪春尽碧泱泱，映水兰花雨发香。楚国大夫憔悴日，应寻此路去潇湘。”杜牧僻处黄州，和被放逐江南的屈原有相似之处，所以此处隐约有屈骚之情。“潇湘钓漫流”云云，放志抒怀语耳，诗人当然不可能真的辞官归隐。但既然不得志，与其蹉跎官场，不若暂时退隐。杜牧在《郡斋独酌》中说：“岂为妻子汁，未去山林藏？”不是为了贪图俸禄养家而没有归隐。他是想要有一番作为的，只是凶为不能有所作为而在诗中8A�发一下出世之志。
这首诗前二韵回忆在黄州的日子，任风任雨，安闲自在。“一夜风欺竹，连江雨送秋”一联，清峭中显露风神，句工格高。后二韵写现状与心理。格调凡俗的生活在川流不息，自己力求忘情于世俗，勉强还能安闲悠静。诗人表示终究要从仕途中彻底摆脱出来，栖身潇湘，垂钓漫流。全诗语言清拔，风格淡逸。在研究黄州刺史以后牧之的思想和心态方面，本诗是非常值得注意的作品。
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陶渊明《
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饮酒·十九》
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吴均《
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行路难·青琐门外安石榴》
杜牧简介
唐代·杜牧的简介
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杜牧（公元803－约852年），字牧之，号樊川居士，汉族，京兆万年（今陕西西安）人，唐代诗人。杜牧人称“小杜”，以别于杜甫。与李商隐并称“小李杜”。因晚年居长安南樊川别墅，故后世称“杜樊川”，著有《樊川文集》。
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和江景吴寅长经理屯田道中见寄
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明代：
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苏葵
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强追霜押窘于徊，天放檐花著意催。自昔到公金掷地，如今惭我釜鸣雷。
驱驰莫管青山讶，凋瘵真烦赤手培。王道本来嫌掊尅，曾将阡陌咎谁开。
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下彭城而南微雨即事
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明代：
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王世贞
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稍尽彭城山，悠然见清淮。微雨虽沾衣，能令山色佳。
出没前后旌，浮云时与偕。浊酒两三行，聊以佐归怀。