放言五首·其一
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唐代]：白居易
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但爱臧生能诈圣，可知宁子解佯愚。
不取燔柴兼照乘，可怜光彩亦何殊。
放言五首·其一译文及注释
译文
白日真黑夜假谁去分辨，从古到今的事无尽无休。
只喜臧生能骗过圣人，又怎知甯子识破了装傻的。
萤火虫有光非真的火光，荷叶上的露水虽圆岂是真珠？
不要烧柴去照亮车马，可怜的光彩有甚么不同呢？
注释
放言：意即无所顾忌，畅所欲言。
元九：即元稹，“九”是其排行。他在元和五年（810年）被贬为江陵士曹参军。其间曾作《放言五首》，见《元氏长庆集》卷十八。
长句诗：指七言诗，相对五言诗而言；五言为短句。
李颀：唐代诗人，开元十三年（725年）进士，诗以写边塞题材为主，风格豪放，慷慨悲凉，七言歌行尤具特色。此举其两句诗见于他的《杂兴》诗。济水：源出河南省济源县西王屋山，其故道过黄河而南，东流入今山东省境内。河：黄河。周公：姓姬名旦，周武王弟，成王之叔，武王死，成王年幼，周公摄政，管、蔡、霍三叔陷害，制造流言，诬蔑周公要篡位。周公于是避居于东，不问政事。后成王悔悟，迎回周公，三叔惧而叛变，成王命周公征之，遂定东南。
接舆（yú）狂：接舆，传说是春秋时楚国的一个隐士，他以佯狂避世，故此说“接舆狂”。其真实姓名不可考，因他曾迎着孔子的车而歌，故称接舆（见《论语·微子》、《庄子·逍遥游》）。舆，本指车厢，亦泛指车。
予：我。出佐浔阳：被贬出京，到江州去做司马，辅助治事。浔（xún）阳：指江州。隋设九江郡，唐代叫江州或浔阳郡。治所在今江西省九江市。
未届所任：还未到达任所。届：到。
暇（xiá）：空闲时间。
缀（zhuì）：撰写。续其意：谓读元稹《放言》之意。耳：叹词。
辨：一作“辩”。底：啥。
臧（zāng）生：指臧武仲。臧：一作“庄”。防：是武仲的封地。武仲凭借其防地来要挟鲁君。武仲：臧孙氏，名纥，官为司寇，在贵族中有“圣人之称”（《左传·襄公二十二年》杜氏注：“武仲多知，时人谓之圣”）。诈圣：欺诈圣人。甯（nìng）子：指甯武子。甯：今亦作“宁”。知：同“智”。燔（fán）柴：此用为名词，指火光。照乘：珠名。殊：异。
参考资料：
1、吴大奎 马秀娟．元稹白居易诗选译．成都：巴蜀书社，1991 ：210-213
2、彭重光 龚克昌．白居易及其作品选．上海：上海古籍出版社，1998：123-125
放言五首·其一创作背景
这组诗是唐宪宗元和十年（815年）白居易在被贬谪去江州（浔阳）途中和元稹的同名组诗之作。元和五年（810年），元稹因被贬为江陵士曹参军。元稹在江陵期间，写了五首《放言》诗表示自己的心情。过了五年，诗人被贬为江州司马。感慨万千，也写下《放言五首》诗奉和。
参考资料：
1、彭重光 龚克昌．白居易及其作品选．上海：上海古籍出版社，1998：123-125
2、赵庆培 张燕瑾 等．唐诗鉴赏辞典．上海：上海辞书出版社，1983：896-898
放言五首·其一鉴赏
予出佐浔阳，未届所任，舟中多暇，江上独吟，因缀五篇，以续其意耳。”据序文可知，这是公元815年（唐宪宗元和十年）诗人被贬赴江州途中所作。当年六月，诗人因上疏急请追捕刺杀宰相武元衡的凶手，遭当权者忌恨，被贬为江州司马。诗题“放言”，就是无所顾忌，畅所欲言。组诗就社会人生的真伪、祸福、贵贱、贫富、生死诸问题纵抒作者的己见，宣泄了对当时朝政的不满和对作者自身遭遇的忿忿不平。此诗为第一首，放言政治上的辨伪——略同于近世所谓识别“两面派”的问题。
“朝真暮伪何人辨，古往今来底事无。”底事，何事，指的是朝真暮伪的事。首联单刀直入地发问：“早晨还装得俨乎其然，到晚上却揭穿了是假的，古往今来，什么样的怪事没出现过？可有谁预先识破呢？”开头两句以反问的句式概括指出：作伪者古今皆有，人莫能辨。
“但爱臧生能诈圣，可知宁子解佯愚。”颔联两句都是用典。臧生，即春秋时的臧武仲，当时的人称他为圣人，孔子却一针见血地斥之为凭实力要挟君主的奸诈之徒。宁子，即宁武子，孔子十分称道他在乱世中大智若愚的韬晦本领。臧生奸而诈圣，宁子智而佯愚，表面上的作伪差不多，但性质不同。然而可悲的是，世人只爱臧武仲式的假圣人，却不晓得世间还有宁武子那样的高贤。
“草萤有耀终非火，荷露虽团岂是珠。”颈联两句都是比喻，意思是：“草丛间的萤虫，虽有光亮，可它终究不是火；荷叶上的露水，虽呈球状，难道那就是珍珠吗？”然而，它们偏能以闪光、晶莹的外观炫人，人们又往往为假象所蒙蔽。
“不取燔柴兼照乘，可怜光彩亦何殊。”尾联紧承颈联萤火露珠的比喻，明示辨伪的方法。燔柴，语出《礼记·祭法》：“燔柴于泰坛。”这里用作名词，意为大火。照乘，指明珠。这两句是说：“倘不取燔柴大火和照乘明珠来作比较，又何从判定草萤非火，荷露非珠呢？”这就相当于谚语所说的：“不怕不识货，就怕货比货。”诗人提出对比是辨伪的重要方法。当然，如果昏暗到连燔柴之火、照乘之珠都茫然不识，比照也就失掉了依据。所以，最后诗人才有“不取”、“可怜”的感叹。
这首诗，通篇议论说理，却不使读者感到乏味。诗人借助形象，运用比喻，阐明哲理，把抽象的议论，表现为具体的艺术形象了。而且八句四联之中，五次出现反问句，似疑实断，以问为答，不仅具有咄咄逼人的气势，而且充满咄咄怪事的感叹。从头至尾，“何人”、“底事”、“但爱”、“可知”、“终非”、“岂是”、“不取”、“何殊”，连珠式的运用疑问、反诘、限制、否定等字眼，起伏跌宕，通篇跳荡着不可遏制的激情，给读者以骨鲠在喉、一吐为快的感觉。诗人的冤案是由于直言取祸，他的辨伪之说并非泛泛而发的宏论，而是对当时黑暗政治的针砭，是为抒发内心忧愤而做的《离骚》式的呐喊。
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龚自珍《
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己亥杂诗（三百十五首选四）》
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陶渊明《
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辛丑岁七月赴假还江陵夜行涂口》
白居易简介
唐代·白居易的简介
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白居易（772年－846年），字乐天，号香山居士，又号醉吟先生，祖籍太原，到其曾祖父时迁居下邽，生于河南新郑。是唐代伟大的现实主义诗人，唐代三大诗人之一。白居易与元稹共同倡导新乐府运动，世称“元白”，与刘禹锡并称“刘白”。白居易的诗歌题材广泛，形式多样，语言平易通俗，有“诗魔”和“诗王”之称。官至翰林学士、左赞善大夫。公元846年，白居易在洛阳逝世，葬于香山。有《白氏长庆集》传世，代表诗作有《长恨歌》、《卖炭翁》、《琵琶行》等。
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弭节稽山乐事多，旧闻一一入搜罗。
卧薪伯业今何在，乔木家声久不磨。
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挽卜怜吉歹河南王
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：
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陈益稷
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哲人萎矣栋梁倾，回首西风涕暗零。三世功名今古史，百年过客短长亭。
手扶红日名犹在，身就黄粱梦不醒。记取汾阳旧勋业，紫薇留种继芳馨。
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西江月·大道古今一脉
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王惟一
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大道古今一脉，圣人口口相传。奈何百姓不知焉。尽逐色声迷恋。在迩不须求远，何消更遇神仙。分明只在眼睛前。日用常行不见。
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正月十六日奉皇太后瀛台看烟火即景灯词八首 其五
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弘历
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云霞锦绣灿瀛台，花发何须殷七来。百子池边麟卓荦，万年枝上凤毰毸。