菩萨蛮·玉京人去秋萧索
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五代]:耿玉真
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玉京人去秋萧索,画檐鹊起梧桐落。欹枕悄无言,月和残梦圆。
背灯唯暗泣,甚处砧声急。眉黛远山攒,芭蕉生暮寒。
菩萨蛮·玉京人去秋萧索鉴赏
这是北宋初年广为流传的一首词,笔致工巧,深婉动人,尽极抒写一位温柔多情、敏感娴静女子之念思之情,陈廷焯评赞该词:“如怨如慕,极深款之致。”据阮阅《诗话总龟》等书记载:“南唐卢绛病痁(shān,疟疾),梦白衣美妇歌曰:‘玉京人去秋萧索’云云。”给这首词蒙上一层迷离恍惚的神秘色彩,世称为“鬼词”,可见人们对其喜爱之极。上阙首句“玉京人去秋萧索”,点明亲人远去京师,春去秋至而音信全无。“画檐鹊起梧桐落”,鹊起不顾,进一步暗示亲人一去杳然;庭院阒寂,怅然失望,梧桐叶坠之声亦清晰可闻,怀想之深,立见。“欹枕悄无言”,夜不安寐,欹枕无言,用动作表现心理,形象而又委曲。“月和清梦圆”,梦里依稀与亲人团聚。词人把梦中团聚与中天月圆巧妙地交织一起,“圆”语双关,圆而不圆,梦境与现实、月色与人事两相反衬,思念之情愈婉愈深。“背灯惟暗泣,甚处砧声急”,前后倒装。“甚处砧声急”,深夜里不知什么地方响起阵阵捣衣声,把人从朦胧的睡梦中惊醒。“甚处”表明砧声从很远处传来,时断时续,并不太响,也符合乍醒恍惚情态。这种响声亦把人惊醒,说明睡得不安稳,夜之冷清更甚,“急”未必实写砧声矣。“背灯惟暗泣”,梦断神伤状。眼前冷寂,梦中欢聚,两相衬照,益发伤神怅惘,岂不柔肠寸断、哀泣不止呀!一“暗”字,心中哭泣,为伤感之最。“眉黛远山攒”,接“背灯暗泣”,给伤心之极攒蹙秀眉一特写,更将满膺思念、一腔哀怨,无法释怀而凝结于眉间黛远。末句“芭蕉生暮寒”宕开,以景收束。“芭蕉生寒”凄冷之切,寒气直沁人心里,又不说破,辞婉情切,令人哀怨无端,为以景结情之妙笔。此词上下两阙各用两仄韵、两平韵,平仄传递,情调亦由紧促转为低沉,与词意的转进相谐和。结构上一句景,一句情,间或情景双写。在情与景的相映、相生、相融中,主人公的内心世界婉曲而深切地袒露出来。
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江淹《
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刘太尉琨伤乱》
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李白《
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扶风豪士歌》
耿玉真简介
唐代·耿玉真的简介
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南唐妇人。生卒年无考,入宋后,相传受刑处死。事见《南唐书》、《侯鲭录》。存词一首。
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六出花开不待春,滕神工巧夺天真。野人富贵无心得,门巷璚瑶一夜新。
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人月圆 即事
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池塘半亩新荷小,梦稳日方长。藤床竹枕,心平气爽,初夏风光。
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明代:
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毕自严
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大夫矫矫龙鹄姿,才华气节倾当时。惠文柱后豪右避,埋轮都下豺狼悲。
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唐代:
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角招 雨后凉甚,灯下读《兰当词》,漫赋
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清代:
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樊增祥
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了无暑。南来几、梅风吹霁虹雨。博山烟一缕。轻度魫窗,萦带芳树。
罗衣楚楚。添半臂、泥金刚彀。玉簟龙鳞似水,仗六曲画屏风,把新寒防护。