山鹧鸪词
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唐代]：李白
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苦竹岭头秋月辉，苦竹南枝鹧鸪飞。
嫁得燕山胡雁婿，欲衔我向雁门归。
山鸡翟雉来相劝，南禽多被北禽欺。
紫塞严霜如剑戟，苍梧欲巢难背违。
我今誓死不能去，哀鸣惊叫泪沾衣。
山鹧鸪词译文及注释
译文
苦竹岭头秋月皎洁，满地青辉，苦竹朝南枝头摇曳，鹧鸪飞翔。
一只小鹧鸪嫁给了北京的大雁，那大雁正准备衔着鹧鸪飞向雁门关的老家。
山鸡野雉都来劝说小鹧鸪：千万别去啊，北方的鸟们总是欺负南方去的小鸟。
燕山附近的紫塞严霜满地，像刀枪一样刺人，那里纵使有梧桐树也难以栖息啊！
我听你们的劝告，我决心死也不跟大雁去了，说完嚎啕大哭，泪流满衣裳。
注释
苦竹岭，在秋浦县南二十里，今属安徽贵池县，有李白读书堂遗址。鹧鸪，鸟名，形似野鸡而小，南方皆有，以越地最多，故又称越鸟。《异物志》言“其志怀南不思北”，太白以之自喻。
“燕山”是山名，在幽州，在今河北省蓟县东南。“胡雁”是指中国域外之雁。“胡”在古书中是指边疆地区汉民族以外的少数民族。“雁门”也是山名，在今山西省代县，古代传说雁门是雁的产地，又说雁子北飞至此而止。因为是鸟儿相接，所以用“衔”字，十分恰当。以上二地皆属安禄山势力范围。胡雁婿，暗指何昌浩。
山鸡，首有彩毛；翟雉，后有长尾。二句亦用拟人化手法，以喻友人等之关心。
紫塞，代指北方。即雁门。秦汉筑长城，因当地草皆紫色，又地处边关，所以叫紫塞。苍梧，山名，即九疑山，在今湖南省蓝山县西。此代指南方。二句亦言“其志怀南不思北”之意。
末二句则极而言之，以示坚拒，仍借鹧鸪以为辞。
参考资料：
1、安旗著．李白诗秘要：三秦出版社，2001年06月第1版：219
2、陈新璋．唐宋咏物诗赏鉴：广东人民出版社，1986年07月第1版：205
山鹧鸪词创作背景
天宝十二载，李白五十三岁。《山鹧鸪词》大约作于安禄山反叛之前，有人曾经邀请李白入幕僚，李白去幽州以后，发现安禄山准备谋反，于是毅然回归江南。早春赴长安，想陈列济世之策。
参考资料：
1、安旗著．李白诗秘要：三秦出版社，2001年06月第1版：219
山鹧鸪词鉴赏
诗的开头描写山鹧鸪的生活环境和不安的情状：苦竹岭是山名，在今安徽省铜陵市西南。“秋月辉”，点明这是秋月高挂的夜晚；“鹧鸪飞”，写鹧鸪在月的辉照之下惊飞；“南枝”，点明惊飞的范围。夜鸟不能远飞；只能在枝头近处雀跃小飞。这正如辛弃疾在《西江月·夜行黄沙道中》所写的“明月别枝惊鹊”的情景。
接着写鹧鸪的夜不安眠，惊飞不定，除了因为秋月高照之外，还因为她即将经历一场生活的变迁：原来她被许嫁给燕山胡雁，燕山胡雁正以夫婿的身份来接她迁到雁门那里去。
底下写众鸟前来相劝、挽留：“翟雉”，长尾的山鸡。鹧鸪的好友或“左邻右舍”，山鸡、翟雉等纷纷来劝她不要走。说在南方生活的禽鸟到了北方，多被北方的禽鸟欺侮。这显然是众鸟们生活经验的总结，但这里并未展开，大概因为鹧鸪也是知道的，不必饶舌。
最后四句写鹧鸪的决心和悲哀处境。
鹧鸪说：雁门地方风霜严酷有如剑戟刺人，我决不到那样的地方去，我已决心在南方九嶷山上筑巢生活，再也不愿违背自己的心愿了。胡雁一定要我跟着它去，而我誓死不去，这该怎样了结啊！想起来不禁哀鸣惊叫，泪水沾衣。这四句写鹧鸪的心理活动，先是婉转：它不像山鸡翟雉那样直统统地说“南禽多被北禽欺”，而归怨于雁门的严霜如戟；次是坚定，誓死不违背巢居苍梧的心愿；后是悲哀：可以想到胡雁是不会善罢甘休的，而自己的处境能否安然无恙，实在担心，所以不免哀鸣落泪。这样写，曲折深入，合情合理。
全诗写的其实是山鹧鸪巢居南方、不愿北去的习性，但诗人用故事敷陈开去，在禽鸟生活中加进了婚嫁、逼迁、劝留、相欺、哀叫、落泪以及其他心理活动，仿佛人间生活的缩影，饶有风味。
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叶嘉莹《
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李白简介
唐代·李白的简介
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李白（701年－762年），字太白，号青莲居士，唐朝浪漫主义诗人，被后人誉为“诗仙”。祖籍陇西成纪(待考)，出生于西域碎叶城，4岁再随父迁至剑南道绵州。李白存世诗文千余篇，有《李太白集》传世。762年病逝，享年61岁。其墓在今安徽当涂，四川江油、湖北安陆有纪念馆。
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