玉阶怨·夕殿下珠帘
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南北朝]：谢朓
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夕殿下珠帘，流萤飞复息。
长夜缝罗衣，思君此何极。
玉阶怨·夕殿下珠帘译文及注释
译文
夜殿窗外的帘儿已垂下，她隔帘久立，见那帘外的流萤闪闪；它们飞着飞着，直至夜深而息。
长夜漫漫，不寐的她仍在独自缝制罗衣，心中幽深的思念哪有尽头。
注释
玉阶：皇宫的石阶。
夕殿：傍晚的宫殿。
流萤：萤火虫。息：停止。
罗：一种丝织品。
何极：哪有尽头。
玉阶怨·夕殿下珠帘创作背景
汉成帝时，班婕妤失宠。班婕妤进见皇帝不得，担心自己地位不保，退而写下《纨扇诗》及《自悼赋》，情词凄怆。谢朓所作的《玉阶怨》，是受晋代陆机《班婕妤》的启发，谢朓以班婕妤的故事制题，写下《玉阶怨》一诗。
玉阶怨·夕殿下珠帘鉴赏
首句点明地点是宫殿，时问是傍晚。“夕殿下珠帘”，写出了日夕时分冷宫偏殿的幽凄情景。“殿”字照应题名“玉阶”，交代出宫中的特定环境。“夕”字点出当时正是暮色降临之时。黄昏本是一天之中最令人惆怅的时候，对于宫嫔们来说，又是决定她们今夜有无机缘得到君王恩宠的时刻。然而殿门的珠帘已悄悄放下。这意味着君王的履迹不会再经过这里，那一晚又将是一个和愁苦度过的不寐之夜。首句既是以富丽之笔写清冷之景，又暗示了主人公的身份和不幸处境。截取深宫夜景的一隅，令人从全诗展示的画面中体味抒情主人公的命运和愁思，显得兴象玲珑，意致深婉。
诗的第二句“流萤飞复息”，以动景烘托环境之静，让读者沉浸在一片寂静的气氛中。点点闪烁的萤火在串串晶莹的珠帘外飘流，不但融和成清幽的意境，而且使华美的殿宇和凄清的氛围形成对照，令人想到被幽禁在这里的女子纵然能享受奢华的物质生活，也无法填补精神生活的空虚，更何况她们处在被冷落、遭遗弃的境遇之中。其次，萤火虫多在夏秋之交出现。流萤飞舞是初秋夜景的特征，这就进一步点明时令，补足了首句的意思。流萤透露出秋的消息，难免会使本来就无限怨怅的主人公更觉惊心，又添一层时不待人、朱颜将凋的忧虑。同时，“飞复息”三字还暗示了人从日夕到夜半久久不能入眠的漫长过程。连流萤都停息了飞舞，那么珠帘内的人也该安歇了，这就自然引出了第三句“长夜缝罗衣”的主人公。
诗的第三句，“长夜”顶住“飞复息”，点出已到夜深，又不露痕迹地将笔锋从帘外的飞萤转到帘内的人影。此处着意选择自缝罗衣这一细节，还包含着希望邀得君王恩宠的一层深意。如果主人公是一个从未得到过恩幸的宫女，她穿着精心缝制的罗衣，或者能有偶然的机会引起君王的眷顾。那么，她在罗衣里缝入的便是借此改变命运的一丝幻想，这就愈见出她处境的可怜。谢诗之妙却在它没有点明主人公究竟是由于哪一类原因被冷落的，唯其如此，才给人留下了较大的想象余地，也才能在更广的范围内概括出所有深宫女子共同的不幸命运。“长夜缝罗衣”的动作暗含着主人公希求获宠的幻想。
诗的第四句，“思君此何极”就是她内心愁思的直接流露了。但从诗中所表现的今夜的情景来看，“此何极”又与“长夜”相应，夜有多长，思也就有多长。对于一个不寐的女子来说，这长夜似乎是没有尽头的，因此她的愁思也是无尽无极的。这种思本身就意味着怨。寓怨于思，含而不露。
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谢朓（464~499年），字玄晖。汉族，陈郡阳夏（今河南太康县）人。南朝齐时著名的山水诗人，出身世家大族。谢朓与谢灵运同族，世称“小谢”。初任竟陵王萧子良功曹、文学，为“竟陵八友”之一。后官宣城太守，终尚书吏部郎，又称谢宣城、谢吏部。东昏侯永元初，遭始安王萧遥光诬陷，下狱死。曾与沈约等共创“永明体”。今存诗二百余首，多描写自然景物，间亦直抒怀抱，诗风清新秀丽，圆美流转，善于发端，时有佳句；又平仄协调，对偶工整，开启唐代律绝之先河。
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