赠陈商
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唐代]：李贺
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长安有男儿，二十心已朽。
楞伽堆案前，楚辞系肘后。
人生有穷拙，日暮聊饮酒。
只今道已塞，何必须白首？
凄凄陈述圣，披褐鉏俎豆。
学为尧舜文，时人责衰偶。
柴门车辙冻，日下榆影瘦。
黄昏访我来，苦节青阳皱。
太华五千仞，劈地抽森秀。
旁古无寸寻，一上戛牛斗。
公卿纵不怜，宁能锁吾口？
李生师太华，大坐看白昼。
逢霜作朴樕，得气为春柳。
礼节乃相去，憔悴如刍狗。
风雪直斋坛，墨组贯铜绶。
臣妾气态间，唯欲承箕帚。
天眼何时开，古剑庸一吼。
赠陈商译文及注释
译文
长安城里有一个男子汉，二十岁的年纪心灵已经枯朽。
佛经《楞伽》堆放在桌上，《楚辞》常常带着手肘后。
人生有时会弄得穷困无能，对着黄昏，姑且喝几杯酒。
如今前进的道路已经堵塞，何必要存在幻想等白了头？
清苦可怜的朋友陈述圣，穿着粗布衣，边耕锄边陈列俎豆。
学成了尧舜时代的古朴文体，时髦人却要求他衰朽的骈偶。
我的柴门前车迹稀稀落落，夕阳西下，榆树影子又长又瘦。
黄昏时候，你来访问我，你苦守节操，致使额上已经打皱。
你像那五千仞的太华山，劈地而出，抽拔挺立，森严而灵秀。
身旁连一寸一寻的土堆都没有，却独立冲云霄，触动牵牛与北斗。
达官贵人纵然不赏识你，可是哪能锁得住我的口？
我李生要师法你这太华山，傲然端坐，观看长天白昼。
逢上寒霜就做那坚强的朴樕，得到暖气就做那柔美的春柳。
当了奉礼郎，却迫使我离开这个意愿，面黄肌瘦，如同任人摆弄的刍狗。
刮风飘雪，仍然在斋坛上值班，佩带铜印，贯穿着黑丝带的印绶。
像奴婢受人颐指气使，只能乖乖地替人捧簸箕拿扫帚。
老天的眼睛不知什么时候能睁开，也让我这把沉沦的古剑大声一吼。
注释
陈商：字述圣，陈宣帝五世孙，散骑常侍陈彝之子，元和九年（814年）进士，仕至秘书监，封许昌县男。
楞（léng）伽：佛教典籍名，是法相宗所依的经书之一。
道已塞：指仕进无路。《论语·公冶长》：“道不行，乘桴浮于海。”
鉏（chú）：同“锄”。俎（zǔ）豆：俎和豆是古代祭祀、宴会时盛肉类等食品的两种器皿。王琦注：“恐是带经而锄，休息辄读诵之意。”
“学为”二句：韩愈《答陈商书》：“辱惠书，语高而旨深，三四读尚不能通达。”衰偶：大约是批评其文章气有迂腐气。
“柴门”二句：描写其居处冷落，连日光树影都显得不舒畅。
太华：即西岳华山，在今陕西省华阴市境内。
旁古：一作“旁苦”。寻：古时长八尺为一寻。
戛（jiá）：触动，碰撞。斗牛：泛指星宿。
朴樕（sù）：木名。《诗经·召南·野有死麕》：“林有朴樕。”毛传：“朴樕，小木也。”后常以比喻平庸之材。这两句自嘲命运不佳：遇艰难则如逢霜之朴樕，遇盛时亦不过像得春气之杨柳。
礼节”二句：言自己虽为奉礼郎，但在礼节方面远不及陈商，就像巫祝祭祀所用的刍狗一样卑琐不堪。这是自嘲之辞。
直：通“值”，值班。斋坛：祭坛。当时李贺任奉礼郎，职掌祭祀君臣版位、陈设祭器、赞导跪拜，所以说直斋坛。
“墨组”句：黑丝带穿在铜印上作绶带。《汉书·百官公卿表》：“秩比六百石以上，皆铜印墨绶。”而奉礼郎仅从九品，无印绶。
臣妾：犹奴婢。郑玄《周礼注》：“臣妾，男女贫贱之称。”
“天眼”二句：言何时得遇明主，自己将如古剑鸣吼飞腾。这是激愤之语。
参考资料：
1、冯浩非 徐传武．李贺诗选译．成都：巴蜀书社，1991：141-145
2、潘水根．中国文学简明读本：浙江大学出版社，2000：114
赠陈商创作背景
此诗当作于李贺任奉礼郎的后期。吴企明认为约写于唐宪宗元和五年（810年）至六年（811年）间，闵泽平认为写于元和六年（811年）冬。李贺是在长安任奉礼郎时与陈商交游，当时陈商尚未中举，生活贫寒，李贺却乐与之游，而且非常敬重他。
参考资料：
1、闵泽平．李贺全集汇校汇注汇评．武汉：崇文书局，2015：209-212
2、吴企明 编选．李贺集．南京：凤凰出版社，2014：102-106
赠陈商鉴赏
此诗开头八句，作者诉说自己政治上“穷拙”的遭际。在“只今道已塞”的景况下，他日暮饮酒，酷爱诵读《楞伽经》和《楚辞》，以排遣内心的苦闷。他已看破官场的黑暗内幕，仕进的前途已经被阻塞，所以产生了“心已朽”的心态。这时他已二十一二岁，诗云“二十”，当为约数。“人生”两句，表达了很深的人生感叹。
第九句至第十六句，写陈商的景况。先形容他寒酸落拓，穿着布衣，雅尚礼仪，他不肯追逐时尚，苦学古文辞，不像时人追求委靡的骈偶文风。次叙他的家很少有人来访，门庭冷落，连车轮的印迹都冻结起来，门前的榆树在夕阳照射下拖着瘦长的影子。这里，写景凄凉，与前文写人“凄凄”相呼应。黄昏时节来寻访作者，固守苦节，春气亦为之郁结不畅。以上八句诗，描述陈商的形貌、品格及其遭际。
第十七句至第二十四句，称颂陈商的品格并表示师法陈商的心意。前四句写华山之高峻，用暗喻手法，比喻陈商人品、才学之崇高。后四句，说公卿们纵使不看重陈商，作者也不能禁口不称赞，他还要师法陈商，宁愿终日箕踞长坐，也不肯奔走权贵之门。诗句生动地表达出作者钦佩陈商的心仪和景行仰止的态度。
第二十五句至第三十二句，诗思又回到自己身上。“朴樕”两句，是自谦之词，承上言，作者才不及陈商，不论何时，都不能成材。“礼节”以下六句，说到作者官职卑微，身为奉礼郎，专司礼仪，与作者的性格相背悖，形容憔悴，如同祭祀后被人抛在路边的刍狗。风雪天在斋坛值班，身穿黑色祭服，神气态度犹如承事箕帚的奴婢。诗句备述作者任职时所受的屈辱。
诗的最后两句，巧妙运用古小说的典故，表达出宏大的志愿。这层诗意，涵盖陈商和作者两人，说何时天眼张开，他们像古剑那样鸣吼而飞去，施展自己的抱负。李贺诗中，“剑飞”“剑吼”之意象屡见，如“自言汉剑当飞去”（《出城寄权璩杨敬之》），“临岐击剑生铜吼”（《开愁歌》），此诗又云“剑吼”，都有自喻之意，期望实现理想，具有画龙点睛之妙。
全诗先分别写李贺、陈商，后写李贺师法陈商，再写李贺直斋坛的情景，各用齐整的八句诗为一个诗段，最后两句，以两人同时收结，形成单起双收的结构特征，自始至终将诗人和陈商交糅起来描写，写李贺，其中有陈商的神骨；写陈商，其中有李贺的气质，完善地创造出诗篇的结构美。
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李白《
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劳劳亭歌》
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刘过《
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念奴娇·留别辛稼轩》
李贺简介
唐代·李贺的简介
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李贺（约公元791年-约817年），字长吉，汉族，唐代河南福昌（今河南洛阳宜阳县）人，家居福昌昌谷，后世称李昌谷，是唐宗室郑王李亮后裔。有“诗鬼”之称，是与“诗圣”杜甫、“诗仙”李白、“诗佛”王维相齐名的唐代著名诗人。著有《昌谷集》。李贺是中唐的浪漫主义诗人，与李白、李商隐称为唐代三李。有“‘太白仙才，长吉鬼才’之说。李贺是继屈原、李白之后，中国文学史上又一位颇享盛誉的浪漫主义诗人。李贺长期的抑郁感伤，焦思苦吟的生活方式，元和八年（813年）因病辞去奉礼郎回昌谷，27岁英年早逝。
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耆旧已辽落，床前拜德公。人余柱下史，身是鲁灵宫。
杞宋文何在，齐梁运易终。吾犹及型典，信见剖鸿濛。
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诣斋宫作 其一
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：
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弘历
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尘净天逵宿雨过，帝京景物鬯清和。年来深识盈虚理，每对休徵谨畏多。
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绝句八首 其八
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：
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弘历
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金风来西北，籁声响万窍。风收万籁无，谁识其中妙。
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金坛王叟六十寿之
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明代：
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王世贞
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同是缑山裔，况同花甲周。唯偏金坛隐，独领瑶池秋。
瑶池碧桃若鸡卵，更有交梨大于盌。君如欲勒弇岭名，共策踰轮追穆满。
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题扇二十四首
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宋代：
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曹勋
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瀰瀰水槛俯横桥，水面新荷影动摇。
时向青空飞白鹭，不妨悲翠立兰苕。