杜陵绝句
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唐代]：李白
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南登杜陵上，北望五陵间。
秋水明落日，流光灭远山。
杜陵绝句译文及注释
译文
向南登上杜陵，北望五陵。
落日的映照使得秋水显得格外明亮，太阳余晖在远山中间慢慢消失。
注释
杜陵：在今陕西省西安市东南，为西汉宣帝刘询的陵墓，位于渭水南岸。
五陵：唐颜师古在《汉书》注文中指出：”五陵，谓长陵、安陵、阳陵、茂陵、平陵。“汉高祖葬长陵，惠帝葬安陵，景帝葬阳陵，武帝葬茂陵，昭帝葬平陵，均在渭水北岸，今陕西省咸阳市附近。五陵，后来多指豪门贵族聚居之地，也指豪门贵族。
秋水：秋天的河水，这里指渭河水，位于今陕西省境内。
流光：流动的光彩或光线。
参考资料：
1、毛佩琦 ．李太白集：插图本 ．沈阳市 ：万卷出版公司 ，2008年 ：285页 ．
2、中华书局编辑部 ．中华唐诗鉴赏辞典 初中卷 ．北京市 ：中华书局 ，2007年 ：169-170页 ．
杜陵绝句创作背景
这首诗的时代背景是天宝二年(743)，李白待诏翰林，奉诏侍从游宴，作应制诗(奉皇帝的命令而写作的诗文)多首，与好友游历山水，曾出现“李白斗酒诗百篇，长安市上酒家眠”的局面。但在天宝二年秋，遭到朝中其他人的排挤，并在次年被贬出长安，于是产生了隐居山林的想法。
参考资料：
1、中华书局编辑部 ．中华唐诗鉴赏辞典 初中卷 ．北京市 ：中华书局 ，2007年 ：169-170页 ．
杜陵绝句鉴赏
这首诗突出了李白创作融情于景的特点，语言简练，通俗易懂。
首句“南登杜陵上”中，“南”字首先点明了作者所处的地理位置，也指出杜陵的位置位于渭水南岸。第二句“北望五陵问”把作者从南岸看到的风景刻画出来。两句一南一北，互作映衬。这两句不仅写出了作者的位置，还为下两句所写的事物做了铺垫。作者站在杜陵上，登高望远，不仅看到了对岸的五陵，还看到了眼前壮阔的渭河，还有远处连绵的群山。第三句“秋水明落日”中的“秋”字点出这首诗的创作时间。“明”字在这里应该是古代汉语中常用的使动用法，翻译作“使……明”，这句话的意思是：由于秋水的映照，使得落日光线更加明亮。表面看是写落日的景观，实则含有“夕阳无限好，只是近黄昏”的感慨。单从句面上看，很难理解这层意思，但若结合作者创造此诗时的背景就不难理解。
此诗作于唐天宝二年秋，此时正是诗人第二次入长安。这次诗人得到皇上的恩宠，待诏翰林，是政治上最风光的一段时期。这期间，诗人与诸多好友游历山水，沉浸在江山美景和佳茗陈酿之中。然而由于诗人性格孤傲，不与朝中奸佞之辈同流合污，不久便遭到谗谤。所以，诗中作者虽在描写景物，但其实是对自己当下境遇的描述。末句“流光灭远山”中“流光”指流动的光。渭水流动，使倒映在水中的El光也忽明忽暗，闪烁不定，自然远处的群山也会随着日光的流动而显得若隐若现。这句同上旬一样，在景物描写背后暗藏了作者回归山林的思想。古人尤其是才华横溢的人，如果怀才不遇或在官场上遇到排挤，都会产生隐居山林的想法。李白此时受到谗谤，不免会产生隐居的念头，所以“远山”在他这首诗中就不只是个普通的景物了。
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李白（701年－762年），字太白，号青莲居士，唐朝浪漫主义诗人，被后人誉为“诗仙”。祖籍陇西成纪(待考)，出生于西域碎叶城，4岁再随父迁至剑南道绵州。李白存世诗文千余篇，有《李太白集》传世。762年病逝，享年61岁。其墓在今安徽当涂，四川江油、湖北安陆有纪念馆。
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