鹧鸪天·和昌父
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宋代]:辛弃疾
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万事纷纷一笑中。渊明把菊对秋风。细看爽气今犹在,惟有南山一似翁。
情味好,语言工。三贤高会古来同。谁知止酒停云老,独立斜阳数过鸿。
鹧鸪天·和昌父鉴赏
这是一首抒情词,是抒写自己归隐情趣的。它以“三贤高会”为枢纽,写作者同赵昌父、陶渊明的神交,并以渊明自许,写得若即若离,如梦如幻,动人之至,亦传神之至。
对于陶渊明,作者将其视为异代知己。在人品与诗品方面,赵昌父和陶渊明颇多相似之处。据刘宰昌父墓志说:先生在太和,便座有斋,榜曰思隐。盖当筮仕之初,已有山林之思。在官清苦,唯以赋咏自娱。以是受知于乡贤杨万里。赠诗有云:“西昌主簿如禅僧,日餐秋菊嚼春冰。”“劝渠未要思归隐,且与西昌作好春。”又赞云:貌恭气和,无日下推敲之势;神清骨耸,非山头瘦苦之客。一笑诗成,万象春风。刘后村跋其诗云:近岁诗人,惟赵章泉五言有陶、阮意。(转引自《宋诗纪事》卷五十九)可见赵昌父在淡泊名利、思归山林方面同陶渊明何其相似!
这首词大约就是在这一基础上写成的。词的上片咏叹陶渊明。开头两句写陶渊明的超脱与情趣。言人间万事,纷纷扰扰,陶渊明一笑了之,而于萧瑟秋风之中,把菊东篱,聊以自娱,的确如作者在另外的词中所说“纵无酒,成怅望,只东篱搔首亦风流。”(《木兰花慢》)“须信采菊东篱,高情千载,只有陶彭泽。”(《念奴娇·重九席上》)何其潇洒,又何等风流。“须看”二句写陶渊明的凛然生气。言陶令虽然作古,但仍生气勃勃,和南山一样万古长青,永存于天地之间。真可谓陶渊明的异代知音,如陶令泉下有知,定当兴奋不已。词的下片写“三贤高会”。据有关史料记载,自汉至唐以三贤相称者代不乏人。韩愈《后汉三贤传》以王充、王符、仲长统为三贤;司空图《三贤传》以房玄龄、李靖、魏征为三贤;宋人贾黯以谢绛、范仲淹、孙甫之翰为三贤;诸如此类,不胜枚举。故作者在下片开头说,作为古圣先贤,作为古今诗人,情趣和意味高尚,语言训练有素,古往今来,无不如此。而作者同赵昌父、陶渊明,作为“三贤”也是如此。表现了作者和赵昌父在淡薄名利、乐于归隐诸方面有惊人的相似之处,因而咏陶渊明也就是咏赵昌父,也是咏自己,是二是三,已达到浑然莫辨的境地。“谁知”二句写对赵昌父思念之意。渊明一生嗜酒,因“抱病多年”,不能不止,在这点上作者与之相同;渊明赋《停云》诗,以表达“思亲友”之意,而作者以停云名堂,且隐括渊明《停云》诗入词,与陶渊明也完全相同,因知所谓“止酒停云老”指陶渊明,也是作者自指。所以这两句实际是说有谁知道我辛弃疾独立斜阳,细数过鸿,企盼得到你赵昌父的来书呢?这形象是多么鲜明生动,这友谊是多么深厚真挚,而作者却把深厚的友谊寄寓于一句淡淡的情语之中,又是多么婉转含蓄,耐人寻味!
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李白《
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杜陵绝句》
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下一首:
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陶渊明《
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还旧居》
辛弃疾简介
唐代·辛弃疾的简介
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辛弃疾(1140-1207),南宋词人。原字坦夫,改字幼安,别号稼轩,汉族,历城(今山东济南)人。出生时,中原已为金兵所占。21岁参加抗金义军,不久归南宋。历任湖北、江西、湖南、福建、浙东安抚使等职。一生力主抗金。曾上《美芹十论》与《九议》,条陈战守之策。其词抒写力图恢复国家统一的爱国热情,倾诉壮志难酬的悲愤,对当时执政者的屈辱求和颇多谴责;也有不少吟咏祖国河山的作品。题材广阔又善化用前人典故入词,风格沉雄豪迈又不乏细腻柔媚之处。由于辛弃疾的抗金主张与当政的主和派政见不合,后被弹劾落职,退隐江西带湖。
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王山
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