经檀道济故垒
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唐代]：刘禹锡
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万里长城坏，荒营野草秋。
秣陵多士女，犹唱白符鸠。
经檀道济故垒译文及注释
译文
刘宋王朝的万里长城已经塌倒，荒废的营垒秋天长满野草。
秣陵城里不少男男女女，至今还歌唱《白符鸠》深深哀悼。
注释
檀（tán）道济：刘宋时官至征南大将军、开府仪同三司、江州刺史。颇有功名，威名甚重，朝廷颇疑畏之，召入朝。元嘉十三年（436年）春，将遣还镇，旋召入，下狱被杀。
万里长城：《宋书·檀道济传》载，道济被捕时，脱帽掷地说：“乃复坏汝万里之长城。”意谓加害镇守江防的大臣，等于毁坏万里长城。南朝据长江苟安，所以江防的重要，如同秦筑长城。此用檀语。
秣（mò）陵：即金陵，楚威王以其地有王气，埋金镇之，号曰金陵。地址在今江苏江宁。
士女：指有识的男男女女。
白符鸠（jiū）：舞曲名，出自江南。传为吴地百姓患孙皓虐政之作。檀道济被杀后，人们唱《白符鸠》，乃是谴责刘义康像孙皓一样暴虐。
参考资料：
1、吴在庆编选．刘禹锡集：凤凰出版社，2014.10：第146-148页
2、章培恒，安平秋，马樟根主编；梁守中译注．古代文史名著选译丛书 刘禹锡诗文选译 修订版：凤凰出版社，2011.05：第13-14页
经檀道济故垒创作背景
宝历二年（826年）秋，刘禹锡罢和州刺史回洛阳，途经建康（今江苏省南京市）。诗人登临南朝刘宋时名将檀道济旧垒，吊古伤今，写了这首诗。
参考资料：
1、霍松林主编．历代绝句精华鉴赏辞典：陕西人民出版社，1993.05：第505页
经檀道济故垒鉴赏
诗人见到檀道济故垒，回想檀道济被枉杀一事，顿生感慨，故首两句即以“万里长城坏，荒营野草秋”伤之，对檀道济的无罪被杀这一深悲极痛之事一掬同情之泪。然虽伤之，亦含赞颂景仰檀道济之意，此从将檀道济比喻为巍巍万里长城可见。这两句既是写景，又是抒发其沉痛情感。次句“荒营野草秋”，以眼前荒凉萧条之景寄托其悲凉沉痛之思。由于诗人心头别有一层现实的凄楚哀感在，因此一登旧垒，便有一种特殊的敏感，数百年前遭冤被害者的愤怒的抗议声立即在耳际回响。这种历史与现实在心头的交感共鸣，不是说明诗人的历史意识特别强烈，而是说明诗人需要借助历史来抨击现实，抒发积愤，悼念友人。诗人的友人王叔文是中唐的政治家。在唐顺宗支持下，他主持永贞革新，兴利除弊，曾使“人情大悦”。后来不幸被宪宗“赐死”。诗人认为这也是自坏长城。三，四两句化用民谣入诗。据作者自注：“史云：当时人歌曰‘可怜《白符鸠》，枉杀檀江州。‘”檀道济的被杀，尽管宋文帝给他罗列了一大堆罪状，但历史是公正的，人民的同情在遭冤者一边。这首民谣就是最好的证明。
全诗的言外之意是说，对于王叔文的无罪被“枉杀”，历史也会作出公正的判别，人民的同情也在王叔文一边。借古人的酒杯，浇心中的块垒，而又妙在不肯说破，遂使全诗意蕴深厚，寄慨无穷。
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刘禹锡简介
唐代·刘禹锡的简介
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刘禹锡（772－842），字梦得，汉族，中国唐朝彭城（今徐州）人，祖籍洛阳，唐朝文学家，哲学家，自称是汉中山靖王后裔，曾任监察御史，是王叔文政治改革集团的一员。唐代中晚期著名诗人，有“诗豪”之称。他的家庭是一个世代以儒学相传的书香门第。政治上主张革新，是王叔文派政治革新活动的中心人物之一。后来永贞革新失败被贬为朗州司马（今湖南常德）。据湖南常德历史学家、收藏家周新国先生考证刘禹锡被贬为朗州司马其间写了著名的“汉寿城春望”。
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