和孙明府怀旧山
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唐代]：雍陶
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五柳先生本在山，偶然为客落人间。
秋来见月多归思，自起开笼放白鹇。
和孙明府怀旧山译文及注释
译文
五柳先生陶渊明本来就是山村田园的隐士，偶然在世俗生活中做客，为官场所羁绊。
秋天来临的时候看见月亮就会更加思乡，倒不如成全了白鹇，打开鸟笼让它回到家乡。
注释
明府：唐人称县令为明府。
五柳先生：晋陶潜作《五柳先生传》以自况，遂自号五柳先生。
白鹇：鸟名，似山鸡而白色，产于我国南方。
和孙明府怀旧山鉴赏
前两句以著名的隐士和诗人陶渊明比拟孙明府。陶渊明住宅前有五棵柳树，因此自己取了一个别号，叫做五柳先生。他曾经一度出任彭泽县令，因为不习惯于遵守官场礼节，厌倦世俗礼法，很快就辞官归隐了。这两句表面上是写五柳先生的生平境况，实际上作者却只是灵活地运用了陶渊明这个典故，暗指孙某之出任明府，也不过是偶然的事，终究还是会如陶渊明一样，弃官归隐的。
第三句写其见月思归，月挂中天，千里可共，故对月而思异地或家乡的月下亲友，乃是人情之常。作者特地用一个“秋”字点明了创作诗篇时的时间，让人立刻就联想到了中秋节，中秋节是家人团聚的日子，而中秋节的月亮更是代表着一股特殊的感情。古典文学中，月亮已成为一个传统的意象，象征着亲人团聚，家庭团圆，这种意向所代表的感情，在中秋节尤为突出。在前面读过的许多诗中，已经屡见，如“但愿人长久，千里共婵娟。”，“举头望明月，低头思故乡。”之类的千古名句，比比皆是，与之相比，这一句乃是平淡无奇的常语，但接以末句，则成为点睛之妙。由于自己思乡，起而开笼放鸟，构思出人意外。这就连平淡无奇的上句也显得非如此写不可了，若不是见月思乡，怎么又能联想到白鹇了，所以说，上句为下句的巧思作下了坚实的铺垫，这一拙一巧，对比鲜明，反差之下，真情流露，更是突出了作者创作的深厚功力。白鹇关在笼中，孤单清冷，作者由自己之思乡，想到白鹇之寂寞。万物皆有归宿，生灵都有真情，既然自己与家人相隔千里，不能团聚，何不成全其他生灵回归故乡呢。这里写孙某对白鹇的同情，为它设身处地着想，事实上却是以物喻人，“放白鹇”这一件小事，却暗含了两层意思，第一层，便是作者对孙某的同情，这一层意思从孙某所作的《怀旧山》诗中可知，从作者创作的意图亦可知，这层意思，在此得到了升华。第二层，便是作者对自己的同情，诗人的眼泪，一半为所写的对象而流，另一半则是为自己而流，作者多年羁旅他乡，思乡之情犹盛，作者又何尝不想做一只白鹇，回到自己的家乡，与亲人团聚呢？
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沈约《
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有所思》
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李商隐《
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滞雨》
雍陶简介
唐代·雍陶的简介
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雍陶（约789~873以前），字国钧，成都人。工于词赋。有《唐志集》五卷，今传。
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