滞雨
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唐代]：李商隐
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滞雨长安夜，残灯独客愁。
故乡云水地，归梦不宜秋。
滞雨译文及注释
译文
连绵不断的夜雨，留滞在长安之夜；独对黯淡的残灯，客子更触绪生愁。
我向往着的故乡，美丽的云水之地；怕的是归乡之梦，不宜于这个清秋。
注释
滞雨：久雨不止。一说为因雨而停滞之意。
云水地：等于说云水乡，云水弥漫之地。
滞雨创作背景
唐文宗大和六年（832年），李商隐到唐朝京城长安应考，被考官贾餗所憎，未能及第，返回太原幕府。大和九年（835年）因悼念崔戎，再次进京。此诗大约作于此诗留京之后。
参考资料：
1、郑在瀛．李商隐诗全集汇编汇注汇评．武汉：崇文书局，2015：42-47
滞雨鉴赏
这首《滞雨》是一首羁旅诗。“独在异乡为异客”，孤单寂寞的处境本就容易滋生乡愁，更何况还是在秋雨绵绵的深夜？归思难收，归期无定，归梦不宜，这一切并不都是因为“滞雨”的缘故。
首句“滞雨长安夜”交代时间地点和缘由，意思是说，下雨了，今夜只好滞留在长安。但诗人为什么不说“夜雨滞长安”呢？因为将“滞”字提前，不仅更能体现雨下得久，还能突出夜的漫长，好像是厚实、缠绵的雨连时间的脚步也阻碍了，迟迟不能到黎明。归心似箭，但偏偏又碰上似乎永无休止的连夜雨，给人一种无法排遣的无奈、凝重之感。也为后面的“客愁”、“归梦”蓄势。
“残灯独客愁”描写场景：一盏灯油将尽的孤灯之下，坐着一个满脸愁容的独客。“残灯”，不仅不能给人以光明、温暖的感觉，与外面无尽的雨夜相比，它反而更让人觉得凄凉、忧伤。灯已残，说明独坐已久；独坐久，说明客难眠；客难眠，说明乡愁深。“残灯独客”与前面的“滞雨夜”共同营造出一种朦胧迷离、孤寂凄清的氛围，在这样的意境下，游子很自然会想到自己的故乡。
“故乡云水地”是虚写，是故乡在云水相接的苍茫辽阔之地吗？是故乡有云重水复遥远的阻隔吗？还是故乡根本就不存在于现实，而只在自己如行云流水般飘渺的乡思中吗？这一句体现了诗人特有的朦胧性，怎么理解似乎都可以，怎么理解都给人一种真实而亲切的感受。
“归梦不宜秋”是直抒感慨，语似直切，实则含蓄。雨夜客居，残灯独坐，正是思乡梦回的“好”时候，为什么“不宜秋”呢？因为在诗人眼中，秋就是愁，秋风秋雨秋云秋水，无一不令诗人愁肠百结，在满目愁景的季节，在满怀愁绪的梦中，即使回到故乡，还不是一样愁苦？算了吧，不做归乡梦也罢！其实，这样的梦，在任何季节做都是“不宜”的。诗人在此说“不宜”，其实是“最宜”，有正话反说、不言神伤之妙。
全诗主旨为思乡。前两句谓客居长安因天雨而行动受阻，独对残灯忧愁不寐，思念故乡；后两句推进一层，谓故乡本是烟树晴岚、碧水萦回之地，可是正值秋雨绵绵之时，即使梦回故里，所见也是霪雨霏霏，故归梦也不宜当此风雨潇潇之秋也。
如果用知人论诗、以意逆志的方法来读这首《滞雨》，那么，“滞雨”是长期纠缠诗人的牛李两党的纷争与非议；“客愁”是诗人长期受到排挤压制，难以实现抱负理想、怀才不遇的愤懑，以及对自己前途命运的迷惘和忧虑；“故乡”是诗人心中理想的归宿，是才显志成的美好境界。“归梦不宜”是不应该轻易放弃和退却，而应该再坚持等下去，孤独愁苦之后，一定会有雨过天青的时候。“归梦不宜”意为“长安宜留”，在京城之内、天子身边，机会总比“云水”之地要多一些吧。这里理解，意思就完全两样了。所以也可以说《滞雨》是一首托雨言志、寄意深远的“咏物诗”。
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雍陶《
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周邦彦《
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烛影摇红·芳脸匀红》
李商隐简介
唐代·李商隐的简介
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李商隐，字义山，号玉溪（谿）生、樊南生，唐代著名诗人，祖籍河内（今河南省焦作市）沁阳，出生于郑州荥阳。他擅长诗歌写作，骈文文学价值也很高，是晚唐最出色的诗人之一，和杜牧合称“小李杜”，与温庭筠合称为“温李”，因诗文与同时期的段成式、温庭筠风格相近，且三人都在家族里排行第十六，故并称为“三十六体”。其诗构思新奇，风格秾丽，尤其是一些爱情诗和无题诗写得缠绵悱恻，优美动人，广为传诵。但部分诗歌过于隐晦迷离，难于索解，至有“诗家总爱西昆好，独恨无人作郑笺”之说。因处于牛李党争的夹缝之中，一生很不得志。死后葬于家乡沁阳（今河南焦作市沁阳与博爱县交界之处）。作品收录为《李义山诗集》。
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