杨白花
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唐代]：柳宗元
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杨白花，风吹渡江水。
坐令宫树无颜色，摇荡春光千万里。
茫茫晓日下长秋，哀歌未断城鸦起。
杨白花译文及注释
译文
杨柳轻轻地飘着白花，被风吹过长江岸。
致使宫中绿叶凋零无颜色，你却摇荡着万里春光。
旭日的光芒刚刚照进长秋宫，怨歌未了又闻啼鸦城头信雌黄。
注释
杨白花：乐府杂曲歌辞名。
杨白花：白色的杨柳花絮。
坐令：致使。
长秋：汉代皇后宫名。
杨白花鉴赏
《杨白花》这首诗是柳宗元在永州后期写的一首乐府旧题诗。许顗《彦周诗话》说：“子厚乐府杨白花，言婉而情深，古今绝唱也。”有人说这诗是作者自况，也有人说是作者读书咏史，不是自况。但不管是什么，读者从诗中表现的是一种什么“情”去探讨，就可以知道了。
作者在诗中第一句就直描杨白花被风吹走了，吹到江南去了，风吹走的不仅仅杨花，吹走的更是宫中的春光。人去楼空，即使是春的季节，却已无春意，因为整个宫里的树木都已凋落了，没有一点春色。作者用极简洁直白的语言抒写在大好时光里却感受不到春意的遗憾之情。这就像宫廷大贬有用之才后，朝廷已无栋梁之才，就没有了勃勃生机，就不能振兴中唐业已颓败的形势。作者在诗的前两句中直呼直叙，使得全诗蒙上悲愤怨恨的情绪色彩，读者读罢无不为之心中震撼，为之动容，为之流泪。
这首诗，是作者站在朝廷的角度，从朝廷的立场来写的，所以这首诗应写于柳宗元在永州的后期。因为在永的后期，作者的思想已发生了变化，回乡无望，他作好了在永长期呆下去的思想准备，因而也改变了他刚到永州时仅对个人命运的悲叹，从更广阔的角度，认为朝廷大贬有识之士，也是朝廷的悲剧。宫中凋零，而江南却是柳色青青，白絮翻飞，春光融融。但是江南春色却没有人赏识，那春光就毫无意义。大贬有用之材，对朝廷，对人才个体都是重大损失。
最后一句，作者更是借用诗题的源头，来诉说悲愤之情。通宵达旦歌之的是“悲绝的哀歌”，哀什么，悲什么呢？托“白花”抒哀怨之情者，古已有之，比如《诗经·小雅·白华》就是借菅、茅白花起兴，抒发了一个被遗弃了的女子对情人朝思暮想的哀怨。然而，这首诗决不是男女之间的相思离别情。柳宗元主张的是“文以载道”，他的诗文作品无不是饱含他个人的政治理想、治国主张和他失败之后的悲愤之情。只不过这首诗，作者所站的角度不一样，他从另一个角度借用想象，抒发自己被贬的情感。纵观柳的诗文，他写男女悲欢之情的作品是没有的。他是一个有救国复兴主张的人，这首诗的悲哀是人才的悲哀，作者是从朝廷的角度，来抒写对人才的呼唤，抒写对朝廷滥贬人才的悲愤之情，抒写的是作者对朝廷怨而不恨，悲而不怒的复杂情感。这首诗字字句句都包含了悲愤、哀婉之情，没有切肤之痛，是不可能写得出的。
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周邦彦《
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烛影摇红·芳脸匀红》
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晏几道《
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生查子·官身几日闲》
柳宗元简介
唐代·柳宗元的简介
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柳宗元（773年－819年），字子厚，唐代河东（今山西运城）人，杰出诗人、哲学家、儒学家乃至成就卓著的政治家，唐宋八大家之一。著名作品有《永州八记》等六百多篇文章，经后人辑为三十卷，名为《柳河东集》。因为他是河东人，人称柳河东，又因终于柳州刺史任上，又称柳柳州。柳宗元与韩愈同为中唐古文运动的领导人物，并称“韩柳”。在中国文化史上，其诗、文成就均极为杰出，可谓一时难分轩轾。
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