浣溪沙·已惯天涯莫浪愁
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清代]：纳兰性德
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已惯天涯莫浪愁，寒云衰草渐成秋。漫因睡起又登楼。
伴我萧萧惟代马，笑人寂寂有牵牛，劳人只合一生休。
浣溪沙·已惯天涯莫浪愁译文及注释
译文
已经习惯了天涯路远的奔波，没必要再添加无谓的忧愁。天又冷了，草又衰了，又是一年秋天来临。不要因为醒来的满心愁绪而又去登楼远眺。
一生劳碌，陪伴我的只有代地的老马。就连天上一年才能相聚一次的牛郎也在笑话我的形单影只。忧劳之人只求走完自己的一生才能好好休息。
注释
浣溪沙：唐代教坊曲名，后用为词牌名。分平仄两体，字数以四十二字居多。此词为平韵四十二字体。
浪愁：空愁，无谓地忧愁。宋杨万里《无题》：“渠侬狡狯何须教，说与旁人莫浪愁。”
漫：副词，休、莫、不要。唐杜甫《一百五日夜对月》：“牛女漫愁思，秋期犹渡河。”
萧萧：形容马嘶鸣声。代马：北方所产之马。代，古代郡地，后泛指北方边塞地区。曹植《朔风诗》： “仰彼朔风，用怀魏都。愿骋代马，倏忽北徂。”刘良注：“代马，胡马也。”
寂寂：形容寂静。牵牛：即牵牛星，俗称牛郎星。此谓天上的牛郎尚与织女一年一度相会，而作者却难以与妻子团聚，故而这人间的“寂寂”连牛郎也为之发笑。
劳人：忧伤之人，这里为自指。《诗经·小雅·巷伯》： “骄人好好，劳人草草。苍天苍天，视彼骄人，矜此劳人。”高诱《淮南子》注： “‘劳，忧也。’‘劳人’即忧人也。”
参考资料：
1、张秉戍 等．纳兰性德词新释辑评．北京：中国书店，2001：281-282
2、聂菁菁．纳兰词全编全赏．北京：中国华侨出版社，2013：374
3、子 艮．一生最爱纳兰词．沈阳：沈阳出版社，2009：258-259
4、秦 圃．最美的古诗词．北京：中国华侨出版社，2013：267
浣溪沙·已惯天涯莫浪愁创作背景
此词当作于清康熙十九年（1680年）后的一个七夕，其时纳兰性德身处牧场，有感于分离而作此词。康熙十九年（1680年）前后，纳兰性德由司传宣改经营内厩马匹，常至昌平、延庆、怀柔、古北口等地督牧。
参考资料：
1、闵泽平．《纳兰词全集》汇编汇评汇校．武汉：崇文书局，2012：113
浣溪沙·已惯天涯莫浪愁鉴赏
此篇颇含怨情，深切表达出词人长期扈从天涯，有家不得归、有妻不得伴的隐恨。
上阕开篇，“已惯天涯莫浪愁”，起句便情思精致。词人十分厌恶年年羁旅天涯的生活，这里故作反语。他告诫自己，已经习惯了离别，便不必随便怀愁了。“莫浪愁”三字恰恰说明他正在“愁”，“莫”字只是无力的安慰罢了。“寒云衰草渐成秋”，眼见这凄清景色，又不禁使人愁思满眼。“漫因睡起又登楼”，还是睡吧，不要因为辗转反侧难眠又去登上小楼，以免遥望家乡，心中徒增悲伤。纵然登楼远望，隔着千山万水也是不可能望得到灯下的妻子的。
下阕烘托出“愁”，并点明“愁”之原因。“伴我萧萧惟代马”，词人行役边塞，陪伴他的唯有代地的战马，故觉“萧萧”。“笑人寂寂有牵牛”，七夕佳节，天上的牛郎和织女天河欢会，世间多少男女执手遥望，而自己与妻子却天各一方，无法团聚，表现了词人有妻不得伴的寂寂之情，连牛郎见了都不禁会发笑。这两句刻画词人“寂寂”之心境形象生动而真切。身边唯战马相伴，天上有牵牛笑窥，孤独寂寞凄凉的心境就形象地描绘出来了。末句的“劳人只合一生休”是一句牢骚之语，表达了词人的埋怨之情。这句全是牢骚与怨气，是全词的高潮。
此词在自嘲的口吻中流露出对护卫生涯长期羁旅的厌倦，尤其是结句，表达出满腹的牢骚与怨气以及羁旅的劳苦。长年累月地奔波，身心劳顿，又不得不与亲人离散。这相思郁结之情让纳兰备受煎熬，因此更烦闷于无休止的羁旅。词中幽怨隐恨的情感溢满了全文，表达了词人那时最真切的思念之情。
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乔吉《
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殿前欢·拍栏杆》
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陈亚《
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生查子·药名闺情》
纳兰性德简介
唐代·纳兰性德的简介
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纳兰性德（1655－1685），满洲人，字容若，号楞伽山人，清代最著名词人之一。其诗词“纳兰词”在清代以至整个中国词坛上都享有很高的声誉，在中国文学史上也占有光采夺目的一席。他生活于满汉融合时期，其贵族家庭兴衰具有关联于王朝国事的典型性。虽侍从帝王，却向往经历平淡。特殊的生活环境背景，加之个人的超逸才华，使其诗词创作呈现出独特的个性和鲜明的艺术风格。流传至今的《木兰花令·拟古决绝词》——“人生若只如初见，何事秋风悲画扇？等闲变却故人心，却道故人心易变。”富于意境，是其众多代表作之一。
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