哭刘司户蕡
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唐代]：李商隐
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路有论冤谪，言皆在中兴。
空闻迁贾谊，不待相孙弘。
江阔惟回首，天高但抚膺。
去年相送地，春雪满黄陵。
哭刘司户蕡译文及注释
译文
行路的人们都在议论您的冤情，您的言论全是为着国家的中兴。
空听说昔年贾谊曾被召回任用，已等不到公孙弘那样拜相高升。
隔着辽阔的大江唯有频频回首，仰视高远的苍天只能痛苦抚膺。
想起去年我和您依依惜别之地，那时候纷飞的春雪正洒满黄陵。
注释
刘司户蕡（fén）：刘蕡，唐代宝历二年（826年）进士，善作文，耿介嫉恶，祖籍幽州昌平（今北京昌平）。大和元年（827年）参加“贤良方正”科举考试时，秉笔直书，主张除掉宦官，考官赞善他的策论，但不敢授以官职。后令狐楚、牛僧孺等镇守地方时，征召为幕僚从事，授秘书郎。终因宦官诬害，贬为柳州司户参军，客死异乡。
言：指刘蕡应贤良方正试所作的策文。中兴：中途振兴；转衰为盛。《诗经·大雅·烝民》序：“任贤使能，周室中兴焉。”
迁：在这里是迁升之意。贾谊：西汉著名的政论家、文学家，力主改革弊政，提出了许多重要政治主张，却遭谗毁，被贬为长沙王太傅，后来汉文帝又把他召回京城，任文帝爱子梁怀王太傅，常向他询问政事。
孙弘：即公孙弘，汉武帝时初为博士，一度免归，后又举为贤良文学，受到重用，官至丞相，封平津侯。不待：用不着；不用。《尹文子·大道上》：“善人之与不善人，名分日离，不待审察而得也。”
回首：回头；回头看。汉司马相如《封禅文》：“昆虫闿怿，回首面内。”
抚膺（yīng）：抚摩或捶拍胸口。表示惋惜、哀叹、悲愤等。《列子·说符》：“昔人言有知不死之道者，燕君使人受之，不捷，而言者死……有齐子亦欲学其道，闻言者之死，乃抚膺而恨。”
黄陵：地名。在湖南省湘阴县北，滨洞庭湖。传说舜二妃墓在其上，有黄陵亭、黄陵庙。
参考资料：
1、王思宇 等．唐诗鉴赏辞典．上海：上海辞书出版社，1983：1224-1225
2、陈永正．李商隐诗选译．成都：巴蜀书社，1991：70-72
哭刘司户蕡创作背景
唐文宗大和二年（828年），刘蕡应贤良方正直言极谏科考试，在策文中痛斥宦官专权，引起强烈反响。考官慑于宦官威势，不敢录取。后来令狐楚、牛僧孺均曾表蕡幕府，授秘书郎，以师礼待之。而宦官深恨蕡，诬以罪，贬柳州司户卒。对刘蕡贬谪而冤死，李商隐是极为悲痛的。刘蕡死讯传来，李商隐在长安写下此诗表示哀悼。
参考资料：
1、王思宇 等．唐诗鉴赏辞典．上海：上海辞书出版社，1983：1224-1225
哭刘司户蕡鉴赏
此诗的前半写刘蕡冤谪而死。诗先不写自己的看法，而是从引述旁人的议论落笔。行路之人都在议论刘蕡遭贬柳州确是冤屈，都说他在贤良对策中的言论全是为着国家的中兴。言“中兴”而遭“冤谪”，可见蒙冤之深，难怪路人也在为之不平了。诗人借路人之口谈论冤谪，当然比直说更加有力。这不但表现了人们对刘蕡的同情和敬重，也从侧面反映了他们对宦官诬陷刘蕡的痛恨，对朝廷软弱昏庸的谴责。
下面两句接着引贾谊与公孙弘两个历史人物，写诗人对刘蕡之死的痛惜。两句是说：空自听说昔年贾谊被召回朝廷，刘蕡却被远谪柳州，客死异乡，不可能像公孙弘那样再次被举，受到重用了。此联用典妥帖，何焯特别称第四句“最为精切”（《李义山诗集辑评》）。“空闻”、“不待”二语，顿挫有力，透出诗人深感怅惋痛惜之情。
诗人视刘蕡为“师友”，而他竟死于冤屈，不能不使诗人伤心痛哭。五、六两句，即扣住题面，写诗人痛哭情状。刘蕡最后似死在浔阳（今江西九江）。诗人是在长安作此诗的。遥隔大江，只有频频回首南望，望空洒泪；天高难问，沉冤难诉，死不复生，惟有捶胸痛哭。长恸之后，痛定思痛，诗人回想起一年前与刘蕡在黄陵（山名，在今湖南湘阴）相别的最后一面。那时，正当刘蕡冤谪柳州，天空阴暗，春雪凄寒。结尾两句不但烘托着二人相别时的悲凄心情，且与诗人写此诗时悲痛欲绝的心境亦融为一体，留下不尽的哀思。纪昀说：“逆挽作收，结法甚好。”（《李义山诗集辑评》）
这首诗，整篇都浸透着诗人的泪水，贯穿着一个“哭”字：始则是呜咽悲泣，随后是放声痛哭，继而是仰天悲号，最后则又变为抽噎饮泣。读完全诗，仿佛诗人的哭声还萦绕在耳际。写法上，诗人把叙述、议论、抒情三者结合在一起。前面四句全是叙述、议论，但叙述中含着很强的抒情色彩。后面四句抒情，而结联于抒情中又含着叙述成分。如果全是叙述和议论，容易干枯乏味；如纯用抒情，又与引诗所写的具体内容不太相合，难于写出刘蕡的沉冤。此诗将这三者结合起来，使公义私情，都得到了充分的表现，从而增强了诗的感染力。
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冯子振《
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李商隐简介
唐代·李商隐的简介
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李商隐，字义山，号玉溪（谿）生、樊南生，唐代著名诗人，祖籍河内（今河南省焦作市）沁阳，出生于郑州荥阳。他擅长诗歌写作，骈文文学价值也很高，是晚唐最出色的诗人之一，和杜牧合称“小李杜”，与温庭筠合称为“温李”，因诗文与同时期的段成式、温庭筠风格相近，且三人都在家族里排行第十六，故并称为“三十六体”。其诗构思新奇，风格秾丽，尤其是一些爱情诗和无题诗写得缠绵悱恻，优美动人，广为传诵。但部分诗歌过于隐晦迷离，难于索解，至有“诗家总爱西昆好，独恨无人作郑笺”之说。因处于牛李党争的夹缝之中，一生很不得志。死后葬于家乡沁阳（今河南焦作市沁阳与博爱县交界之处）。作品收录为《李义山诗集》。
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慈竹
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宋代：
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王令
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不求丹凤食，不学景龙吟。
自有慈仁意，相依岁月深。