在北题壁
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宋代]：赵佶
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彻夜西风撼破扉，萧条孤馆一灯微。
家山回首三千里，目断天南无雁飞。
在北题壁译文及注释
译文
西北风呼呼地刮了一夜，把那扇破门摇动得不停地响；残旧简陋的旅馆里，我独自一人，对着微弱的灯光。
回首故国，相隔千山万水；我放眼南望，一直看到云天尽处，也见不到一只大雁在飞翔。
注释
扉：门。
家山：故乡、故国。
目断：指望断。
天南：指岭南。亦泛指南方。
在北题壁创作背景
这首诗是宋徽宗赵佶被俘后，题写在被囚禁的馆舍墙上的一首绝句。公元1126年闰11月底，金兵二次南下，同年12月15日攻破汴京，金帝废宋徽宗与子赵桓为庶人。公元1127年3月底，金帝将徽、钦二帝，押送北方，汴京公私积蓄被掳掠一空，北宋灭亡。
参考资料：
1、赵山林，潘裕民．桃李春风一杯酒——宋诗经典解读 ：中西书局，2009-10-1：第158-159页
在北题壁鉴赏
作为一位天子而成为阶下囚，昔日的荣华富贵，转眼烟云，心中自然充满了感伤。这首诗写得凄切哀苦。从诗中“破扉”、“萧条孤馆一灯微”这样破败不堪的场面，我们很容易理解他会回忆起千门万户，美轮美奂的皇宫，一呼百应，炊金馔玉的生活，眼前境地越是恶劣，越能令人体会到他的苦闷。后两句回首故国，恨无寄书人，包括了无数的对往事的困惑、迷恋及深切的悲慨。“三千里”极言其远，“目断天南”很具体地刻绘出自己满怀的愁怨。他想捎信说些什么呢？是希望故臣来解救，是向亲属们诉苦，还是对自己在位时荒淫无道酿成国变而忏悔，诗中没有明说，读者可以自己去揣测。
读赵佶这首绝句，很容易使人想到南唐后主李煜的两首词，都是皇帝被俘的悲叹。一首是《虞美人》，写于被俘后，寄托亡国之痛，今昔之悲，上片云：“春花秋月何时了，往事知多少？小楼昨夜又东风，故国不堪回首月明中。”也是见景起兴，思念故国，与赵佶诗内容景物不同，中心意思完全一样。另一首是《浪淘沙》，写亡国后一夜听雨睡不着，愁思纷至沓来，因以词表示哀怨。词云：“帘外雨潺潺，春意阑珊。罗衾不耐五更寒。梦里不知身是客，一晌贪欢。 独自莫凭栏，无限江山。别时容易见时难。流水落花春去也，天上人间。”词以曲折的笔墨表达自己的痛苦，正可用来注释赵佶写这首绝句时的种种感受。
宋徽宗是著名的书画家，诗词也写得不错，可惜他治国的本领远远比不上他文学艺术的素养，在位时任用奸邪，坐失江山。这首诗写得低沉凄迷，令人感动，但他的处境实在是咎由自取，不值得人同情。无独有偶，大约过了一百五十年左右，赵佶的后代南宋恭帝赵㬎（xiǎn）也步上了他的祖宗的老路，被元人俘到大都；他也作了一首诗，怀念故国，悲伤凄黯，诗说：“寄语林和靖，梅花几度开？黄金台下客，应是不归来。”借梅花写失国之恨。历史的巧合令人沉思，正合了杜牧《阿房宫赋》中的一句话：“后人哀之而不鉴之，亦使后人而复哀后人也。”
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吴激《
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春从天上来·海角飘零》
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朱弁《
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春阴》
赵佶简介
唐代·赵佶的简介
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宋徽宗，名赵佶（公元1082年5月初5～1135年6月4日），神宗11子，哲宗弟，是宋朝第八位皇帝。赵佶先后被封为遂宁王、端王。哲宗于公元1100年正月病死时无子，向皇后于同月立他为帝。第二年改年号为“建中靖国”。宋徽宗在位25年（1100年2月23日—1126年1月18日），国亡被俘受折磨而死，终年54岁，葬于永佑陵（今浙江省绍兴县东南35里处）。 他自创一种书法字体被后人称之为“瘦金书”。
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明代：
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