却东西门行
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两汉]：曹操
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鸿雁出塞北，乃在无人乡。
举翅万馀里，行止自成行。
冬节食南稻，春日复北翔。
田中有转蓬，随风远飘扬。
长与故根绝，万岁不相当。
奈何此征夫，安得驱四方！
戎马不解鞍，铠甲不离傍。
冉冉老将至，何时返故乡？
神龙藏深泉，猛兽步高冈。
狐死归首丘，故乡安可忘！
却东西门行译文及注释
译文
大雁生活在遥远的塞北，那是荒凉无人的地方。
举翅飞行万余里，飞行栖息自成行。
冬天在南方饱食稻谷，春日一到又飞回北方。
田中有草叫转蓬，随风远飞四处飘扬。
从此永远离开自己的根，万年难相会各在天一方。
远征的将士怎么办，怎能离开四方归家乡。
战马永不卸征鞍，铠甲不离人身旁。
岁月流逝人渐老，何时才能返故乡。
神龙藏身在深渊，猛兽漫步在山冈。
孤死头还向山丘，人的故乡怎能忘。
注释
转蓬：飞蓬，菊科植物，古诗中常以飞蓬比喻征夫游子背井离乡的漂泊生活。
不相当：不相逢，指飞蓬与本根而言。
奈何：如何，这里有“可叹”、“可怜”的意思。
安得：怎能。去：离开，避免。
冉冉（rǎn）：渐渐。
深泉：应作“深渊”，唐人抄写古书时常把“渊”字改为“泉”，以避唐高祖李渊之讳。
猛兽：应作“猛虎”，唐人为李渊之父李虎避讳，常把“虎”字改写作“猛兽”。
狐死归首丘：屈原《哀郢》中有“鸟飞反故乡兮，狐死必首丘”。首丘，头向着自己的窟穴。狐死首丘是古来的一种说法，用以比喻人不该忘记故乡。
参考资料：
1、殷义祥译注．三曹诗选译：巴蜀书社，1989年02月：39
却东西门行创作背景
据考证，这首诗作于曹操的晚年，即东汉末年的建安十三年（208年），曹操大败于赤壁之战以后。当时曹操已经五十三岁，年事渐高，面对战乱连连，统一中国的事业仍旧未完成的社会现实，因而忧愁幽思，苦闷煎熬。这首诗是曹操按旧题写的新词。
参考资料：
1、何永生，张小忠．五年高考 三年模拟．北京：教育科学出版社，2007：40
却东西门行鉴赏
这首诗的首六句采用比兴手法。一开头，诗人略一勾勒，便写出了鸿雁的境遇及其春来冬去的候鸟特征。“塞北”、“无人乡”强调其孤寂寥落，“万里余”则突出路途之遥。鸿雁万里远征，与同类结伴而行，相濡以沫，处于寂寞凄凉的环境中；它们只能服从节令的安排，严冬则南飞而食稻，阳春则北翔而重回，其辛劳困苦不言而喻。“田中有转蓬”四句为第二层次，诗人没有像通常诗歌那样在比兴后立刻引入正题，而是再用一比兴手法，写蓬草随风飘荡，无所归止，也永远无法回归故土。“相当”意为与故根相遇。“鸿雁”与“转蓬”这两个艺术形象极不相同，鸿雁有信，依节侯岁岁而回；转蓬无节，随轻风飘荡不止。但是，它们本质上是一样的，都不得不转徙千万里之外。诗歌写鸿雁举翅“万里”之外，其空间距离感鲜明突出；转蓬“万岁”不能归于故土，其时间漫长感异常强烈。而两者实是互文见义，路途遥、时间长，都是诗人所特别强调的。
在完成了连续的铺垫以后，诗歌第三层切入正题，仅以寥寥六句写征夫之状，却括尽他们艰险苦难生活的内容：一为出征之遥，远赴万里，镇守四方；二为出征之苦，马不解鞍，甲不离身；三为年岁飞逝，老之将至；四为故乡之思，返还无期，徒作渴念。这几方面有紧密关系，而思乡不得归是其关键。唯其愿望不能实现，其思乡之情也就日益加深。这一层将征夫的深愁苦恨，都在其对现实状况的叙述中宣泄出来。由于前两层中，诗人已经用比兴手法渲染了情结气氛，故这一层所表现的乡关之思显得极为真切和强烈，虽然没有一个愁、苦之类的主观色彩的词语，但本色之语，却更能收到动人心魄的效果。
“神龙藏深泉”四句为诗歌最后一层，诗人于描写正题后又将笔墨宕开，连用神龙、猛兽、狐狸等数个比喻。神龙藏于深泉，猛兽步于高冈，各有定所，各遂其愿，令有家归不得的征夫羡慕不已。“狐死归首丘”引用典故说明动物至死尚且不忘故土，远离家乡的征夫们更不能忘。“故乡安可忘”这极平直的一句话，在全诗的层层衬映，铺垫之下，也具有了震撼人心的力量。
这首诗比兴手法的反复使用，给诗歌带来了从容舒卷、开阖自如的艺术美感。诗歌写思乡情结，虽充满悲凉凄切情调，但结处以神龙、猛兽等作比，悲凉中不会显得过于柔绵，反而回荡着刚健爽朗之气，这正是曹操诗的特点之一，也是建安文学慷慨悲凉之特色的体现。全诗丝毫不见华丽词句，唯见其朴实之语。
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曹操《
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却东西门行》
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杜甫《
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昼梦》
曹操简介
唐代·曹操的简介
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曹操（155年－220年正月庚子），字孟德，一名吉利，小字阿瞒，沛国谯（今安徽亳州）人，汉族。东汉末年杰出的政治家、军事家、文学家、书法家。三国中曹魏政权的缔造者，其子曹丕称帝后，追尊为武皇帝，庙号太祖。曹操精兵法，善诗歌，抒发自己的政治抱负，并反映汉末人民的苦难生活，气魄雄伟，慷慨悲凉；散文亦清峻整洁，开启并繁荣了建安文学，给后人留下了宝贵的精神财富，史称建安风骨，鲁迅评价其为“改造文章的祖师”。同时曹操也擅长书法，尤工章草，唐朝张怀瓘在《书断》中评其为“妙品”。
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韦骧
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露气侵帘幕，萧然夜已分。括囊停较艺，倚几重论文。
邂逅成相际，从容慰所闻。溪船行各去，回首只秋云。