和裴迪登蜀州东亭送客逢早梅相忆见寄
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唐代]:杜甫
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东阁官梅动诗兴,还如何逊在扬州。
此时对雪遥相忆,送客逢春可自由?
幸不折来伤岁暮,若为看去乱乡愁。
江边一树垂垂发,朝夕催人自白头。
和裴迪登蜀州东亭送客逢早梅相忆见寄译文及注释
译文
蜀州东亭,盛放官梅,尔乃勃发诗兴,就像当年咏梅扬州的何逊。
此时,面对雪景,自然遥遥相思,何况赶上送别客人,恰逢腊梅迎春,不由想起故人。
幸亏没有寄来折梅,勾起我岁末伤情,赏阅折梅,怎勘那乡愁缭乱,思绪纷纷。
这里的江边,也有一棵梅花,渐趋吐蕊,朝朝暮暮,催的我白发丝丝,繁霜染鬓。
注释
东阁:阁名。指东亭。故址在今四川省崇庆县东。仇兆鳌注:“东阁,指东亭。”一说谓款待宾客之所。官梅:官府所种的梅。
何逊在扬州:典出《初学记》卷二十八。何逊:南朝梁诗人。
春:一作“花”。可:一作“更”。
岁暮:岁末,一年将终时。
若为:怎堪。唐王维《送杨少府贬郴州》诗:“明到衡山与洞庭,若为秋月听猿声?”
垂垂:渐渐。
朝夕:时时,经常。
和裴迪登蜀州东亭送客逢早梅相忆见寄创作背景
裴迪,关中(今陕西省)人,早年隐居终南山,与王维交谊很深,晚年入蜀作幕僚,与杜甫频有唱和。蜀州,治所在今四川省崇庆县。裴迪寄了一首诗《登蜀州东亭送客逢早梅》给杜甫,表示了对杜甫的怀念;杜甫深受感动,便写此诗作答。
参考资料:
1、赵庆培 等 .唐诗鉴赏辞典 .上海 :上海辞书出版社 ,1983 :516-517 .
和裴迪登蜀州东亭送客逢早梅相忆见寄鉴赏
“东阁官梅动诗兴,还如何逊在扬州”二句赞美裴迪咏早梅诗:你在蜀州东亭看到梅花凌冬盛开,诗兴勃发,写出了如此动人的诗篇,倒像当年何逊在扬州咏梅那般高雅。何逊是杜甫所服膺的南朝梁代的诗人,杜甫《解闷十二首》之七,有“颇学阴(铿)何(逊)苦用心”的诗句,这里把裴迪与何逊相比,是表示对裴迪和他来诗的推崇。
二句上承“动诗兴”,说在这样的时候,单是看到飞雪就会想起故人,思念不已,何况你去东亭送客,更何况又遭遇到那恼人的梅花,要你不想起我,不思念我,那怎么可能?这样遥领故人对自己的相忆,表达了对故人的深深谢忱和心心相印的情谊。“此时”,即肃宗上元元年末、二年初,正是安史叛军气焰嚣张、大唐帝国万方多难之际,裴杜二人又都来蜀中万里作客,“同是天涯沦落人”,相忆之情,弥足珍重。
早梅开花在岁末春前,它能使人感到岁月无情,老之易至,又能催人加倍思乡,渴望与亲人团聚。大概裴诗有叹惜不能折梅相赠之意吧,诗人说:幸而你未折梅寄来勾起我岁暮的伤感,要不然,我面对折梅一定会乡愁撩乱、感慨万千的。诗人庆幸未蒙以梅相寄,恳切地告诉友人,不要以此而感到不安和抱歉。在我草堂门前的浣花溪上,也有一株梅树呢。这两句是说:这一树梅花啊,如今也在渐渐地开放,好像朝朝暮暮催人老去,催得我早已白发满头了。倘蒙您再把那里的梅花寄来,让它们一起来折磨我,我可怎么承受得了!催人白头的不是梅,而是愁老去之愁,失意之愁,思乡之愁,忆友之愁,最重要的当然还是忧国忧民、伤时感世之愁,千愁百感,攒聚一身,此头安得不白?与梅花梅树又有什么相干!可怜这“江边一树”,也实在晦气,自家无端挨骂不算,还牵连得百里之外的东亭梅花,也被宣布为不受欢迎者。
此诗通篇都以早梅伤愁立意,前两联就着“忆”字感谢故人对自己的思念,后两联围绕“愁”字抒写诗人自己的情怀,构思重点在于抒情,不在咏物,但历来被推为咏梅诗的上品,明代王世贞更有“古今咏梅第一”的说法(见仇兆鳌《杜少陵集详注》卷九引)。原来,诗歌大抵以写情为第一要义,咏物诗也须物中见情,而且越真挚越深切越好,王世贞立论的出发点,应该也是一个“情”字。这首诗“直而实曲,朴而实秀”(清人黄生语),在杜诗七律中,别具一种风格。
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杜甫简介
唐代·杜甫的简介
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杜甫(712-770),字子美,自号少陵野老,世称“杜工部”、“杜少陵”等,汉族,河南府巩县(今河南省巩义市)人,唐代伟大的现实主义诗人,杜甫被世人尊为“诗圣”,其诗被称为“诗史”。杜甫与李白合称“李杜”,为了跟另外两位诗人李商隐与杜牧即“小李杜”区别开来,杜甫与李白又合称“大李杜”。他忧国忧民,人格高尚,他的约1400余首诗被保留了下来,诗艺精湛,在中国古典诗歌中备受推崇,影响深远。759-766年间曾居成都,后世有杜甫草堂纪念。
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