长歌行
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宋代]：陆游
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人生不作安期生，醉入东海骑长鲸；
犹当出作李西平，手枭逆贼清旧京。
金印辉煌未入手，白发种种来无情。
成都古寺卧秋晚，落日偏傍僧窗明。
岂其马上破贼手，哦诗长作寒螿鸣？
兴来买尽市桥酒，大车磊落堆长瓶；
哀丝豪竹助剧饮，如锯野受黄河倾。
平时一滴不入口，意气顿使千人惊。
国仇未报壮士老，匣中宝剑夜有声。
何当凯旋宴将士，三更雪压飞狐城！
长歌行译文及注释
译文
一个人活在世上，就算没法做个安期生那样的仙人，喝醉了，在东海里骑着鲸鱼玩耍游荡；
也该做个李西平那样的名将，带兵杀敌，收复沦陷的国土与首都长安。
可怜我，什么功名也没建立，年龄却已老大，白发萧骚；
傍晚躺在这成都的古庙，眼见着落日的余晖，装点这僧房的纱窗。
哎，难道我这个驰骋沙场的杀敌能手，就成了这么个做做诗的无用之辈，像寒蝉那样？
酒兴来时我把桥边酒家的酒都买光；长长的酒瓶，把大车全都堆满。
唤来了乐队奏起悲壮的音乐助兴，喝起来犹如黄河水倾倒在钜野中一样。
我平时滴酒不沾，这番豪迈气概，顿时令许多人惊讶感叹。
国仇还没报，壮士已衰老；匣中宝剑耐不了寂寞，半夜里发出阵阵吟啸。
什么时候在三更大雪中收复了飞狐城，凯旋归来，与将士宴会欢笑！
注释
长歌行：汉乐府曲调名。
安期生：传说是秦始皇时的仙人。
犹当：应当。表愿望。
李西平：唐朝名将李晟（成）因平定叛乱有功，封为西平王。
枭（xiāo）：杀。
旧京：指唐朝京城长安。唐德宗兴元元年（公元784年）六月，李晟从叛将朱泚手中收复长安城。
种种：头发短的样子。
来无情：无情地生长。
成都：今在四川省成都市。陆游时在成都，寄寓在多福院。
岂其：难道。表反诘。
寒螿（jiāng）：寒蝉。似蝉，体较小。
市桥：桥名，在成都石牛门。
磊落：酒瓶堆叠的样子。
哀丝豪竹：指悲壮的音乐。丝：弦乐器；竹：管乐器。
剧饮：放量喝酒。
钜野：古代大泽名。旧址在今山东钜野县附近，临近黄河。
顿：立刻。
匣：剑鞘。
宝剑夜有声：这是表示壮志难酬的不平之鸣。
何当：哪时能够。
凯旋：胜利归来。
飞狐城：在今河北省涞源县。当时被金人侵占。
参考资料：
1、陆游．陆游经典作品选 ．重庆：西南师范大学出版社 ，1995年6月版：第45页
长歌行创作背景
这首七古作于淳熙元年（1174年），当时陆游五十岁，离蜀州通判任，闲居成都，住安福院僧寮。回想一生走过的路程，想到自己从前方被调回，杀敌的希望落空，他心中很苦闷，因此借这诗抒发胸中的抱负。
参考资料：
1、缪钺等 ．宋诗鉴赏辞典 ．上海 ：上海辞书出版社， 1987.12（2012.7重印）：第942-944页
长歌行鉴赏
诗用浪漫手法开始，前四句谈自己生平的抱负：或者做个安期生那样的神仙，游戏人生；要么做个李西平那样的名将，杀敌立功。这四句写得气势很雄壮，与李白《将进酒》等古风一样，给人以一种强烈的激励，使人进入振奋的状态。就表达上来说，前者又只是后者的陪衬，做神仙是幻想，做名将才是诗人努力想实现的方向。同时，用李西平事又十分贴切当时时局，陆游正是想要同李西平扫平逆贼、收复旧京长安一样扫平金虏、收复旧都汴京。
然而，现实是残酷无情的，愿望是那么地虚无缥缈。诗人回到了现实，便把前四句放出的狂澜一下子倒挽回来，进而感叹自己，年龄老大，功业无成，只能闲居在僧寮，无聊地躺着，默送着夕阳西下。他想着，像自己这样的战士，就不能只作个诗人，发出凄苦的吟声，这决不是自己所愿意的，于是诗在沉重的压抑中再度放开，故作豪语，先写自己放浪于酒，意气奋发，从而在吐露心中郁结的烦闷时，又表现自己的豪情、对未来的向往，这就是收复失地，饮酒庆功。末两句结得很自然，既承上饮酒而来，又与起首要做李西平遥遥呼应。
后人评放翁诗十九都是从军之作，这首诗虽然是闲居遣怀，主题仍与从军诗保持了一致。诗的格调雄放豪轶，悲中带壮，既有不满与牢骚，又充满积极向上的奋斗精神，无论是醉歌作达还是自我排遣，都紧密围绕对国事的关心与对未来的信心，所以很有鼓舞力。
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岑参《
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戏问花门酒家翁》
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曹雪芹《
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好了歌》
陆游简介
唐代·陆游的简介
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陆游（1125—1210），字务观，号放翁。汉族，越州山阴（今浙江绍兴）人，南宋著名诗人。少时受家庭爱国思想熏陶，高宗时应礼部试，为秦桧所黜。孝宗时赐进士出身。中年入蜀，投身军旅生活，官至宝章阁待制。晚年退居家乡。创作诗歌今存九千多首，内容极为丰富。著有《剑南诗稿》、《渭南文集》、《南唐书》、《老学庵笔记》等。
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