长歌行
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宋代]:陆游
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人生不作安期生,醉入东海骑长鲸;
犹当出作李西平,手枭逆贼清旧京。
金印辉煌未入手,白发种种来无情。
成都古寺卧秋晚,落日偏傍僧窗明。
岂其马上破贼手,哦诗长作寒螿鸣?
兴来买尽市桥酒,大车磊落堆长瓶;
哀丝豪竹助剧饮,如锯野受黄河倾。
平时一滴不入口,意气顿使千人惊。
国仇未报壮士老,匣中宝剑夜有声。
何当凯旋宴将士,三更雪压飞狐城!
长歌行译文及注释
译文
一个人活在世上,就算没法做个安期生那样的仙人,喝醉了,在东海里骑着鲸鱼玩耍游荡;
也该做个李西平那样的名将,带兵杀敌,收复沦陷的国土与首都长安。
可怜我,什么功名也没建立,年龄却已老大,白发萧骚;
傍晚躺在这成都的古庙,眼见着落日的余晖,装点这僧房的纱窗。
哎,难道我这个驰骋沙场的杀敌能手,就成了这么个做做诗的无用之辈,像寒蝉那样?
酒兴来时我把桥边酒家的酒都买光;长长的酒瓶,把大车全都堆满。
唤来了乐队奏起悲壮的音乐助兴,喝起来犹如黄河水倾倒在钜野中一样。
我平时滴酒不沾,这番豪迈气概,顿时令许多人惊讶感叹。
国仇还没报,壮士已衰老;匣中宝剑耐不了寂寞,半夜里发出阵阵吟啸。
什么时候在三更大雪中收复了飞狐城,凯旋归来,与将士宴会欢笑!
注释
长歌行:汉乐府曲调名。
安期生:传说是秦始皇时的仙人。
犹当:应当。表愿望。
李西平:唐朝名将李晟(成)因平定叛乱有功,封为西平王。
枭(xiāo):杀。
旧京:指唐朝京城长安。唐德宗兴元元年(公元784年)六月,李晟从叛将朱泚手中收复长安城。
种种:头发短的样子。
来无情:无情地生长。
成都:今在四川省成都市。陆游时在成都,寄寓在多福院。
岂其:难道。表反诘。
寒螿(jiāng):寒蝉。似蝉,体较小。
市桥:桥名,在成都石牛门。
磊落:酒瓶堆叠的样子。
哀丝豪竹:指悲壮的音乐。丝:弦乐器;竹:管乐器。
剧饮:放量喝酒。
钜野:古代大泽名。旧址在今山东钜野县附近,临近黄河。
顿:立刻。
匣:剑鞘。
宝剑夜有声:这是表示壮志难酬的不平之鸣。
何当:哪时能够。
凯旋:胜利归来。
飞狐城:在今河北省涞源县。当时被金人侵占。
参考资料:
1、陆游.陆游经典作品选 .重庆:西南师范大学出版社 ,1995年6月版:第45页
长歌行创作背景
这首七古作于淳熙元年(1174年),当时陆游五十岁,离蜀州通判任,闲居成都,住安福院僧寮。回想一生走过的路程,想到自己从前方被调回,杀敌的希望落空,他心中很苦闷,因此借这诗抒发胸中的抱负。
参考资料:
1、缪钺等 .宋诗鉴赏辞典 .上海 :上海辞书出版社, 1987.12(2012.7重印):第942-944页
长歌行鉴赏
诗用浪漫手法开始,前四句谈自己生平的抱负:或者做个安期生那样的神仙,游戏人生;要么做个李西平那样的名将,杀敌立功。这四句写得气势很雄壮,与李白《将进酒》等古风一样,给人以一种强烈的激励,使人进入振奋的状态。就表达上来说,前者又只是后者的陪衬,做神仙是幻想,做名将才是诗人努力想实现的方向。同时,用李西平事又十分贴切当时时局,陆游正是想要同李西平扫平逆贼、收复旧京长安一样扫平金虏、收复旧都汴京。
然而,现实是残酷无情的,愿望是那么地虚无缥缈。诗人回到了现实,便把前四句放出的狂澜一下子倒挽回来,进而感叹自己,年龄老大,功业无成,只能闲居在僧寮,无聊地躺着,默送着夕阳西下。他想着,像自己这样的战士,就不能只作个诗人,发出凄苦的吟声,这决不是自己所愿意的,于是诗在沉重的压抑中再度放开,故作豪语,先写自己放浪于酒,意气奋发,从而在吐露心中郁结的烦闷时,又表现自己的豪情、对未来的向往,这就是收复失地,饮酒庆功。末两句结得很自然,既承上饮酒而来,又与起首要做李西平遥遥呼应。
后人评放翁诗十九都是从军之作,这首诗虽然是闲居遣怀,主题仍与从军诗保持了一致。诗的格调雄放豪轶,悲中带壮,既有不满与牢骚,又充满积极向上的奋斗精神,无论是醉歌作达还是自我排遣,都紧密围绕对国事的关心与对未来的信心,所以很有鼓舞力。
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岑参《
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戏问花门酒家翁》
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曹雪芹《
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好了歌》
陆游简介
唐代·陆游的简介
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陆游(1125—1210),字务观,号放翁。汉族,越州山阴(今浙江绍兴)人,南宋著名诗人。少时受家庭爱国思想熏陶,高宗时应礼部试,为秦桧所黜。孝宗时赐进士出身。中年入蜀,投身军旅生活,官至宝章阁待制。晚年退居家乡。创作诗歌今存九千多首,内容极为丰富。著有《剑南诗稿》、《渭南文集》、《南唐书》、《老学庵笔记》等。
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