好了歌注
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清代]:曹雪芹
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陋室空堂,当年笏满床;衰草枯杨,曾为歌舞场。
蛛丝儿结满雕梁,绿纱今又糊在蓬窗上。说什么脂正浓,粉正香,如何两鬓又成霜?
昨日黄土陇头送白骨,今宵红灯帐底卧鸳鸯。
金满箱,银满箱,展眼乞丐人皆谤。
正叹他人命不长,那知自己归来丧!
训有方,保不定日后作强梁。择膏粱,谁承望流落在烟花巷!
因嫌纱帽小,致使锁枷杠,昨怜破袄寒,今嫌紫蟒长:
乱烘烘你方唱罢我登场,反认他乡是故乡。甚荒唐,到头来都是为他人作嫁衣裳!
好了歌注译文及注释
译文
如今的空堂陋室,就是当年高官显贵们摆着满床笏板的华屋大宅。如今的枯树衰草,就是当年高管显贵们喝酒享乐的歌舞场地。
曾经豪华的房屋已是蛛丝遍布,可惜那绿纱今又糊在蓬窗上。往日富贵无双,如今怎弄得两鬓白如霜。
旧人故去新人来,逢场作戏到头一梦的荒唐无聊。
金银满箱,转眼沦落成乞丐受人指责。还在感叹他人命薄,哪知自己也落得这般下场。
虽然对儿子教导有方,也不能保证他将来不会做土匪强盗;为女儿攀结富贵人家,将来女婿流连于歌楼舞场又是谁能想得到的呢?
不满足官职大小,最后只把枷锁扛。昨天还一贫如洗,只有破袄难以御寒。今天却大富大贵,紫蟒都嫌长。
人生如戏,一场接一场上演着,你刚卸妆,又该我登场了。曲终人散后,蓦然发现,自己忙忙碌碌一生都是在给别人缝制嫁衣,白忙活一场。
注释
陋室:简陋的屋子。
笏满床:形容家里人做大官的多。笏,古时礼制君臣朝见时臣子拿的用以指画或记事的板子。
雕梁:雕过花的屋梁,用来指代豪华的房屋。
谤:指责、毁谤。
强梁:强横凶暴。这里是指强盗、暴徒。
择膏粱:选择富贵人家子弟为婚姻对象。膏粱,本指精美的食品。膏,肥肉;粱,美谷。引申为富贵之家。
烟花巷:妓院。烟花,旧时娼妓的代称。
纱帽:古时候的官吏所戴的帽子,这里是官职的代称。
锁枷:旧时囚系罪人的刑具。
紫蟒:紫色的蟒袍,古代贵官所穿的公服。
反认他乡是故乡:比喻把功名富贵、妻妾儿孙等等误当作人生的根本。
为他人作嫁衣裳:比喻为别人做事自己没得到好处。
好了歌注鉴赏
这首《好了歌注》是对《好了歌》所表达的思想进一步具体、生动的阐发。它形象地刻画出封建统治崩溃前夕的种种衰败景象:满床的朝笏玉板不见了,只剩下空荡零落的厅堂;歌舞场长满了衰草枯杨;画栋雕梁结满了蜘蛛网;公子变成了乞丐,小姐流落为**;达官贵人扛上了枷锁,酸儒新贵反倒穿上了紫蟒。这个下台那个又登场,真是可笑而又荒唐。这就是所谓“‘了’(断绝俗缘)便是‘好’(得到解脱)”。从这里我们可以看到,地主阶级的好景已到末日,统治者之间一切争权夺利,钩心斗角,正面临着经济上的崩溃,政治上的没落,道德上的败坏,一代不如一代,后继无人的严峻现实。作者用“到头来都是为他人作嫁衣裳”嘲讽这一阶级在垂死前权势利欲争夺的可笑。作者在歌中所揭露的封建统治阶级在政治、经济、道德等方面和种种危机,以及他对统治者内部的权力斗争所持的否定态度,都是值得肯定的。但由于曹雪芹所处的时代的局限,他无法找到现实的出路,所以这里所宣扬的“‘好’便是‘了’”,“‘了’便是‘好’”,就包含有浓厚的虚无厌世和宗教色彩,我们对它要有正确的认识。这些消极因素曾被新、旧红学家所扩大渲染,用以否定《红楼梦》的反封建意义,这也是应该避免的。
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曹雪芹《
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好了歌》
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吴文英《
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蝶恋花·北斗秋横云髻影》
曹雪芹简介
唐代·曹雪芹的简介
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曹雪芹,名霑,字梦阮,号雪芹,又号芹溪、芹圃。清代著名文学家,小说家。先祖为中原汉人,满洲正白旗包衣出身。素性放达,曾身杂优伶而被钥空房。爱好研究广泛:金石、诗书、绘画、园林、中医、织补、工艺、饮食等。他出身于一个“百年望族”的大官僚地主家庭,因家庭的衰败饱尝人世辛酸,后以坚韧不拔之毅力,历经多年艰辛创作出极具思想性、艺术性的伟大作品《红楼梦》。
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