瑞鹧鸪·期思溪上日千回
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宋代]：辛弃疾
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期思溪上日千回，樟木桥边酒数杯。人影不随流水去，醉颜重带少年来。
疏蝉响涩林逾静，冷蝶飞轻菊半开。不是长卿终慢世，只缘多病又非才。
瑞鹧鸪·期思溪上日千回译文及注释
译文
期思溪上的日子过了一天又一天，樟木桥边饮酒无数杯。溪水照影，人影却不随流水同去。酒醉脸红，恰似少年青春重来。
蝉声稀疏，树林反而显得格外幽静，野菊半开，恰有孤蝶轻轻地飞来。不是我学司马相如有意傲世，只因生来多病又无才。
注释
瑞鹧鸪：词牌名，又名“舞春风”“桃花落”“鹧鸪词”“拾菜娘”“天下乐”“太平乐”“五拍”“报师思”等。以冯延巳《舞春风·才罢严妆怨晓风》为正体，双调五十六字，前段四句三平韵，后段四句两平韵。
期思，地名，在今江西省上饶市。罢官后的辛弃疾长期居住并终老于此。
响涩（sè）：响声嘶哑干涩。逾（yú）：更加，格外。
冷蝶：冷清之蝶，犹言孤蝶。
长卿慢世：汉代司马相如字长卿。慢世，即傲世，以傲慢的态度对待世事。
多病非才：据《唐诗纪事》，唐明皇见到孟浩然，命他诵其诗作。缘：因为。
参考资料：
1、谢俊华．辛弃疾全词详注（下册）．沈阳：辽宁人民出版社，2016：864-865
2、谢永芳．辛弃疾诗词全集汇校汇注汇评．武汉：崇文书局，2016：701-702
瑞鹧鸪·期思溪上日千回创作背景
此词当作于宋宁宗开禧元年（1205）辛弃疾自镇江归铅山之后。作者因罢官闲居，备感落寞无聊，因作此词抒怀。
参考资料：
1、谢永芳．辛弃疾诗词全集汇校汇注汇评．武汉：崇文书局，2016：701-702
2、吴熊和．唐宋词汇评·两宋卷（三）．杭州：浙江教育出版社，2004：2510
瑞鹧鸪·期思溪上日千回鉴赏
此词描写了作者罢官后落寞、无聊的闲居生活。词人本有杀敌报国的雄心壮志，而如今只能在期思溪上不停地徘徊，在樟木桥边借酒浇愁；时光流逝，青春不再，身边只有滞涩的一两声蝉鸣、寂静的树林、轻飞的冷蝶、半开的菊花，如此情境让词人备感落寞、苦闷、无聊。
首韵写终日惟赏景饮酒自娱，点出“游”与“醉”。“期思溪上日千回，樟木桥边酒数杯”，写词人在山之闲适，往来溪上，一日千回，或在桥边村店，饮酒书杯：可见词人终日惟赏景饮酒自娱；接韵抒情，紧承上文“溪上”“桥边”而来，“人影不随流水去，醉颜重带少年来”，奇思丽想，而寓少年不再之慨。此韵意境，从起首二句预为地步而来。一“去”一“来”，陡增青春不再、老来无味之感。
过片绘景，“疏蝉响涩林逾静，冷蝶飞轻菊半开”，模拟化用王籍《入若耶溪》诗意：“蝉噪林逾静，鸟鸣山更幽。”动中见静，静中有动。此二句以精严的倒装对句所造成的冷寒寂寥之境，表现自己同样耗散了生命热力的精神感受。末韵关合，遥应开篇，揭明题旨，运用典故和反语表现了词人被罢官后报国无门、壮志难酬的无奈与愤懑情绪，传写出风骨不改又无欢无味的老年情怀。“不是长卿终慢世”，这里使用典故，词人以司马相如自况。《世说新语》注引《高士传·司马相如赞》：“长卿慢世，越礼自放。犊鼻居市，不耻其状。托疾避官，蔑此卿相。”“只缘多病又非才”，这里使用反语，借孟浩然语（不才明主弃，多病故人疏）自嘲，说以文章名世的司马相如傲世，是因其多病又没有才能，实则是借以委婉表达自己空有报国之能、却不被任用的无奈和愤懑不平。“多病非才”，似怨责朝廷，非我有意傲世，只因生来多病又无才，以古人自况，自伤自叹，亦自嘲自愤。
这首词结构谨严，对仗工整，前三联对仗，结联放散，且起承转合一如律诗作法。
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刘季孙《
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题屏》
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曹植《
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赠白马王彪·并序》
辛弃疾简介
唐代·辛弃疾的简介
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辛弃疾（1140－1207），南宋词人。原字坦夫，改字幼安，别号稼轩，汉族，历城（今山东济南）人。出生时，中原已为金兵所占。21岁参加抗金义军，不久归南宋。历任湖北、江西、湖南、福建、浙东安抚使等职。一生力主抗金。曾上《美芹十论》与《九议》，条陈战守之策。其词抒写力图恢复国家统一的爱国热情，倾诉壮志难酬的悲愤，对当时执政者的屈辱求和颇多谴责；也有不少吟咏祖国河山的作品。题材广阔又善化用前人典故入词，风格沉雄豪迈又不乏细腻柔媚之处。由于辛弃疾的抗金主张与当政的主和派政见不合，后被弹劾落职，退隐江西带湖。
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