水仙子·赋李仁仲懒慢斋
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元代]:乔吉
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闹排场经过乐回闲,勤政堂辞别撒会懒,急喉咙倒换学些慢。掇梯儿休上竿,梦魂中识破邯郸。昨日强如今日,这番险似那番。君不见倦鸟知还!
水仙子·赋李仁仲懒慢斋译文及注释
译文
既然走过了热闹的戏场,享受一回安闲又何妨。既然辞别了忙碌的公堂,显露一会懒散也应当。急性子连珠炮说话倒了嗓子,如今不妨学着慢些儿讲。就是搬来了梯子,也别往高危处上,荣华富贵不过是一枕黄粱。世风日下,一天不如一天;世路险恶,一方赛过一方。您不见鸟儿到了黄昏,还懂得调转方向,朝着自家的旧巢飞翔!
注释
闹排场:热闹的戏场。乐回闲:享受一回安闲。
勤政堂:官员的办公场所。
掇梯儿休上竿:元人有“掇了梯儿上竿”的俚语,意谓只知贪进而不考虑退路和危险。
梦魂中识破邯郸:唐沈既济《枕中记》述卢生在邯郸(今属河北)旅舍中入梦,享尽荣华,醒后发现店中黄粱尚未炊熟。
参考资料:
1、天下阅读网.水仙子·赋李仁仲懒慢斋
水仙子·赋李仁仲懒慢斋鉴赏
李仁仲以“懒慢斋”为自己的斋号,其愤世嫉俗的反语意味是不言而喻的。作者在这首小令中,更是将主人的此层含意铺展发挥得淋漓尽致。他把纷纷扰扰的世俗人生比作戏场,“闹排场经过”五字便概括了李仁仲此前的全部阅历,而“乐回闲”则是从戏场上抽身脱出,从容获得作壁上观的闲适和享受,所以这一句已对“懒慢斋”的性质和意义作出了总评。以下两句分别诠释“懒慢斋”中“懒”和“慢”的含义:过去在官场中忙忙碌碌,所谓“勤政”,如今无官一身轻,“撒会懒”是天经地义的事;过去性直口快,在戏场上扮了个“急喉咙”的角色,结果吃力又不讨好,如今稳坐场下,“学些慢”也是顺理成章的。这三句中都包含着截然分明的对比,语言冷峭,既回顾了“懒慢斋”主人曾经沧海的阅历,又显示了他达道知机、急流勇退的明智。从这段开场白中,读者已可见出李仁仲以“懒慢”命名斋室,是在他脱离官场的桎梏之后;而作者探本究源,下文便转向对宦海风波的揭露。“掇了梯儿上竿”是元代的一句俗语,从作者在曲中的借用来看,李仁仲并非在官场中混不下去,他甚而还有“上竿”进一步发达的机会。好在他经历丰富,头脑清醒,早就识破了富贵荣华“一枕黄粱”的虚幻实质,不愿再步邯郸旅店中卢生的后尘。也亏得他如此果断,不愧为未雨绸缪,因为官途上一天比一天黑暗,一处比一处险恶,时间、空间都充满着危机感。“倦鸟知还”出于晋陶渊明《归去来兮辞》的名句:“鸟倦飞而知还。”作者用“君不见倦鸟知还”的反诘,是代李仁仲述怀,写出了“倦鸟”飞还“懒慢斋”的理所当然。
这首小令,起首三句用鼎足对,表现出对宦海仕进的失望和轻蔑,是疏狂语;四、五两句,借俚语、典故表明急流勇退的果决和明智,是经验语;六、七两句,则直言沉溺官场执迷不悟的危险,是警诫语。由此引出的“倦鸟知还”的结论,水到渠成,饱含着对友人求取“懒慢”的理解与赞赏。全篇一气呵成而感情由缓趋迫,句冷意隽,老辣灏烂,遣词用句都体现了元曲“当行派”的风格。
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