缭绫
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唐代]：白居易
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缭绫缭绫何所似？不似罗绡与纨绮。
应似天台山上明月前，四十五尺瀑布泉。
中有文章又奇绝，地铺白烟花簇雪。
织者何人衣者谁？越溪寒女汉宫姬。
去年中使宣口敕，天上取样人间织。
织为云外秋雁行，染作江南春水色。
广裁衫袖长制裙，金斗熨波刀剪纹。
异彩奇文相隐映，转侧看花花不定。
昭阳舞人恩正深，春衣一对值千金。
汗沾粉污不再着，曳土踏泥无惜心。
缭绫织成费功绩，莫比寻常缯与帛。
丝细缲多女手疼，扎扎千声不盈尺。
昭阳殿里歌舞人，若见织时应也惜。
缭绫译文及注释
译文
缭绫缭绫，跟什么相似？既不似罗、绡，也不似纨、绮。
该是像那天台山上，明月之前，流下了四十五尺的瀑布清泉。
织在上面的图案美得令人叫绝，底上铺了一层白烟，花儿攒成一丛白雪。
织它的是什么人？穿它的又是谁？越溪的贫女，宫中的艳姬。
去年太监来宣布皇帝口授的诏令，从宫中取来式样，命民间照式纺织。
织成飞在云上的一行行秋雁，染上江南一江春色。
宽幅裁作衫袖，长幅制成衣裙，用熨斗熨平绉折，用剪刀剪开花纹。
奇异的色彩和纹饰相互隐映，正面看，侧面看，鲜艳的花色闪烁不定。
宫廷舞姬深受皇帝恩宠，赐她一套春衣，价值千金。
只要汗、粉沾污，她就不愿意再穿，在地上拖来踩去，毫无爱惜之心。
要知道缭绫织成费尽了心力，莫把它与寻常的缯帛相比。
煮茧抽丝痛煞了织女的双手，扎扎千声，缭绫还织不满一尺。
宫廷里轻歌曼舞的艳姬，如果见到织造的艰辛，应该也会爱惜。
注释
缭绫：绫名。一种精致的丝织品。质地细致，文彩华丽，产于越地，唐代作为贡品。
罗绡与纨绮：四种精细的丝织品。
天台山：浙江的名山，主峰在今浙江天台县境内。
文章：错杂的色彩，这里指花纹图案。
汉宫姬：借指唐代宫中的妃嫔。
敕：帝王的诏书、命令。
云外：指高空。
刀剪纹：用剪刀裁剪衣料。金斗：早期的熨斗就是斗样，内置红炭，不需预热，直接熨烫。所以熨斗也叫火斗，好听一点儿的叫金斗，白居易什么都能入诗：广裁衫袖长制裙，金斗熨波刀剪纹。“金斗熨波”也真诗意，比汉代熨斗的铭文“熨斗直衣”听着韵味绵长。
转侧看花：从不同的角度看花。
昭阳舞人：汉成帝时的赵飞燕，善于歌舞，曾居昭阳殿。
曳：拉，牵引。
缯（zēng）、帛：都是指丝织品。
缲（sāo）：同“缫”（sāo），把蚕茧浸在滚水里抽丝。
盈：足，满。
昭阳殿：汉代宫殿名，这里指皇宫。
参考资料：
1、吴大奎 马秀娟．元稹白居易诗选译．成都：巴蜀书社，1991：156-160
2、于海娣 等．唐诗鉴赏大全集．北京：中国华侨出版社，2010：363-364
缭绫创作背景
白居易继承并发展了《诗经》以来的现实主义传统，积极倡导新乐府运动，创作了《新乐府》五十首，《缭绫》是其中的第三十一篇。主题是“念女工之劳”。
参考资料：
1、霍松林 等．唐诗鉴赏辞典．上海：上海辞书出版社，1983：864-866
缭绫鉴赏
缭绫是一种精美的丝织品，用它做成“昭阳舞人”的“舞衣”，价值“千金”。这首诗的描写，都着眼于这种丝织品的出奇的精美，而写出了它的出奇的精美，则出奇的费工也就不言而喻了。
“缭绫缭绫何所似？”诗人以突如其来的一问开头，让读者迫切地期待下文的回答。回答用了“比”的手法，又不是简单的“比”，而是先说“不似……”，后说“应似……”，文意层层逼进，文势跌宕生姿。罗、绡、纨、绮，这四种丝织品都相当精美；而“不似罗绡与纨绮”一句，却将这一切全部抹倒，表明缭绫之精美，非其他丝织品所能比拟。而配与它相比的事物，诗人找到了一种天然的东西——“瀑布”。用“瀑布”与丝织品相比，唐人诗中并不罕见，徐凝写庐山瀑布的“今古长如白练飞，一条界破青山色”，就是一例。但白居易在这里说“应似天台山上明月前，四十五尺瀑布泉”，仍显得新颖贴切。新颖之处在于照“瀑布”以“明月”；贴切之处在于既以“四十五尺”兼写瀑布的下垂与一匹缭绫的长度，又以“天台山”点明缭绫的产地，与下文的“越溪”相照应。缭绫是越地的名产，天台是越地的名山，而“瀑布悬流，千丈飞泻”（《太平寰宇记·天台县》），又是天台山的奇景。诗人把越地的名产与越地的名山奇景联系起来，说一匹四十五尺的缭绫高悬，就像天台山上的瀑布在明月下飞泻，不仅写出了形状、色彩，而且表现出闪闪寒光，耀人眼目。缭绫如此，已经是巧夺天工了；但还不止如此。瀑布是没有“文章”（图案花纹）的，而缭绫却“中有文章又奇绝”，这又非瀑布所能比拟。写那“文章”的“奇绝”，又连用两“比”：“地铺白烟花簇雪”。“地”是底子，“花”是花纹。在不太高明的诗人笔下，只能写出缭绫白底白花罢了，而白居易一用“铺烟”、“簇雪”作比，就不仅写出了底、花俱白，而且连它们那轻柔的质感、半透明的光感和闪烁不定、令人望而生寒的色调都表现得活灵活现。
诗人用六句诗、一系列比喻写出了缭绫的精美奇绝，就立刻掉转笔锋，先问后答，点明缭绫的生产者与消费者，又从这两方面进一步描写缭绫的精美奇绝，突出双方悬殊的差距，新意层出，波澜叠起。
“织者何人衣者谁？”连发两问，“越溪寒女汉宫姬”，连作两答。生产者与消费者以及她们之间的对立已经非常明显。“越溪女”那么“寒”，却不给自己织布御“寒”，就因为要给“汉宫姬”织造缭绫，不暇自顾。“中使宣口敕”，说明皇帝的命令不可抗拒，“天上取样”，说明技术要求非常高，因而也就非常费工。“织为云外秋雁行”，是对上文“花簇雪”的补充描写。“染作江南春水色”，则是说织好了还得染，而“染”的难度也非常大，因而也相当费工。织好染就，“异彩奇文相隐映，转则看花花不定”，其工艺水平达到如此惊人的程度，那么，它耗费了“寒女”多少劳力和心血，也就不难想见了。
精美的缭绫要织女付出高昂的代价：然而，“昭阳舞女”却把缭绫制成的价值千金的舞衣看得一文不值：这种对比，揭露了一个事实：皇帝派中使，传口敕，发图样，逼使“越溪寒女”织造精美绝伦的缭绫，就是为了给他宠爱的“昭阳舞人”做舞衣。就这样，诗人以缭绫为题材，深刻地反映了封建社会被剥削者与剥削者之间尖锐的矛盾，讽刺的笔锋，直触及君临天下、神圣不可侵犯的皇帝。其精湛的艺术技巧和深刻的思想意义，都值得重视。
这首诗也从侧面生动地反映了唐代丝织品所达到的惊人水平。“异采奇文相隐映，转侧看花花不定”，是说从不同的角度去看缭绫，就呈现出不同的异彩奇文。这并非夸张。《资治通鉴》“唐中宗景龙二年”记载：安乐公主“有织成裙，值钱一亿。花绘鸟兽，皆如粟粒。正视、旁视，日中、影中，各为一色”，就可与此相参证。
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于濆《
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苦辛吟》
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吴伟业《
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捉船行》
白居易简介
唐代·白居易的简介
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白居易（772年－846年），字乐天，号香山居士，又号醉吟先生，祖籍太原，到其曾祖父时迁居下邽，生于河南新郑。是唐代伟大的现实主义诗人，唐代三大诗人之一。白居易与元稹共同倡导新乐府运动，世称“元白”，与刘禹锡并称“刘白”。白居易的诗歌题材广泛，形式多样，语言平易通俗，有“诗魔”和“诗王”之称。官至翰林学士、左赞善大夫。公元846年，白居易在洛阳逝世，葬于香山。有《白氏长庆集》传世，代表诗作有《长恨歌》、《卖炭翁》、《琵琶行》等。
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逃吴辞楚无家住。解宝剑赠津父。十年间隶越鞭荆，怒卷秋江潮雨。
想空城组练三千，白马素车回去。又逡巡月上波平，暮色在烟光紫处。
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送僧怀师古庵住惠山并写竹枝以赠
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明代：
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王绂
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泉声山色古今同，师去尤能继若翁。临别自惭无可赠，一枝聊为助清风。
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重葺山居十绝 其三
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明代：
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郭之奇
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披衣及晓赴初光，山课催人亦太忙。一路芜烟须尽扫，满空松雪正飞扬。
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即事呈德麟
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宋代：
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晁说之
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学得浮云往复还，里中不出孰追攀。
九秋自与物情乐，一日须教我辈闲。
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隩草戊戌1654仲冬和韵 其八
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清代：
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沈光文
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门外苍茫势，神龙且寄髯。困方嗟褐短，人岂藉泉廉。
善爱知珍鼎，需调用作盐。呈身原不惯，应合与时潜。