清江引·竞功名有如车下坡
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元代]：贯云石
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竞功名有如车下坡，惊险谁参破？昨日玉堂臣，今日遭残祸。争如我避风波走在安乐窝！
清江引·竞功名有如车下坡译文及注释
译文
争夺功名像马车下坡，谁能看破它的惊险？ 昨天还是翰林院的大臣，今天就遭遇了灾祸。怎么能和我避开官场的风波，走在安乐的地方相比呢？
注释
清江引：曲牌名。南曲属仙吕入双调；北曲又叫《江儿水》，属双调。五句。字数定格为七、五、五、五、七。多用为小令。
参（cān）破：佛家语，其意即看破、看透。
玉堂：汉代宫殿的名称，此处指翰林院。
争：怎。
清江引·竞功名有如车下坡创作背景
贯云石在任翰林学士期间，对朝廷险恶的政治斗争有深刻的了解。他在元仁宗延祐元年（1314年） “称疾辞还江南”，结束官场生涯，即为此故。此曲则是贯云石于公元延祐二年（1315年）辞官之后隐居杭州时期所作。
参考资料：
1、上海辞书出版社文学鉴赏辞典编纂中心编．元曲鉴赏辞典珍藏本 上：上海辞书出版社，2012.01：第603页
2、田宝琴．诗词曲赋名作鉴赏大辞典 词曲赋卷：北岳文艺出版社，1989年12月第1版：第798页
清江引·竞功名有如车下坡鉴赏
“竞功名有如车下坡，惊险谁参破？”起得很有气魄，开门见山，向迷恋仕途的人提出了严重警告：你们知道吗，在仕途上追逐功名利禄的人如同坐在一辆载重的下坡车上一样，随时可能摔得车毁人亡，个中危险谁看破了。首句运用比喻，准确切贴，具有振聋发聩的作用。紧接的三句全是为首句作注脚。第二句“惊险谁参破”，实际意思是说谁也没有参破。为了让这些迷恋官场的痴人惊醒，三四句就用事实来说话：“昨日玉堂臣，今日遭残祸。”两句十个字，是充满血和泪的总结，是对元代官场的险恶的真实概括。贯云石的祖父阿里海涯是元初平宋统一全国的重要功臣之一。公元1286年在授给他高官后不久，元世祖忽必烈“遣要束木钩考荆湖行省钱谷”（《元史·世祖本纪》），要从“贫贿”入手整垮这位开国功臣，他被逼自杀了。桑哥主持朝政,百官动辄得咎，他“壅蔽聪明，紊乱政事，有言者即诬以他罪而杀之。”和贯云石同朝为官的权臣铁术迭儿，“蒙上罔下，蠢政害民”、“恃其权宠，乘间肆毒，睚眦之私，无有不报”（《元史奸臣传》），将不少正直的官员杀害了。这是全曲的第一层意思，写官场的险恶，虽占篇幅较多，但还不是作品的主旨所在。
“争如我避风波走在安乐窝”，是第二层；点明全曲主旨。“风波”：指“竞功名”的政治生活。宋代邵雍曾隐居河南苏门山中，题所居为“安乐窝”。后世遂以安乐窝代指隐居安逸的生活。全句说，这一切怎么比得上我躲避政治斗争、辞官归隐。全曲集中笔昙描绘“竞功名”的危险，是为了同“安乐窝”的生活构成鲜明对比。同“玉堂臣”比，隐逸生活是闲适美好的；同“遭残祸”比，隐逸生活是安全幸福的。这样描写，就使作品所肯定的生活具有强烈的吸引人的力量。
这首散曲在艺术上的鲜明特点是把歌颂隐逸生活同大胆揭露官场险恶结合起来写，语言泼辣，道理透彻，使作品具有一定的批判力量，抵消了消极情调，显示出豪迈的风格。
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贯云石简介
唐代·贯云石的简介
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贯云石(1286～1324) 元代散曲作家。字浮岑，号成斋，疏仙，酸斋。出身高昌回鹘畏吾人贵胄，祖父阿里海涯为元朝开国大将。原名小云石海涯，因父名贯只哥，即以贯为姓。自号酸斋。初因父荫袭为两淮万户府达鲁花赤，让爵于弟，北上从姚燧学。仁宗时拜翰林侍读学士、中奉大夫，知制诰同修国史。不久称疾辞官，隐于杭州一带，改名“易服”，在钱塘卖药为生，自号“芦花道人”。今人任讷将他的散曲与自号“甜斋”。
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