清江引·秋居
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元代]:吴西逸
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白雁乱飞秋似雪,清露生凉夜。扫却石边云,醉踏松根月。星斗满天人睡也。
清江引·秋居译文及注释
译文
成群的白色大雁好似秋天里飞起雪片,清冷的露珠使秋夜更凉。
扫去石边的云雾,踏碎松下的月影,醉意正浓,在满天星斗之下睡入梦乡。
注释
清江引:双调曲牌名。
白雁:白色的雁。雁多为黑色,白色的雁较为稀少。元代谢宗可有《咏白雁》诗。
却:除、去。
松根:松树根。
清江引·秋居创作背景
这首词写作年月不详,可以考究的是这是作者秋夜酒醉后,看到周围的景色,有感而发而作。
参考资料:
1、傅德岷,余曲等编著,元曲名篇赏析,巴蜀书社,2012.02,第268页
清江引·秋居鉴赏
白雁是深秋的象征。宋彭乘《墨客挥犀》:“北方有白雁,似雁而小,色白,秋深到来。白雁至则霜降,河北人谓之霜信。”入夜了如何会“白雁乱飞”,曲作者没有讲,但同下半句的“秋似雪”必有关系。这里说“似雪”,是因为秋天满布着白霜;张继《枫桥夜泊》:“月落乌啼霜满天”,足见白雁也会同乌鸦那样受到“霜满天”的惊扰。次句续写凉夜露水增重的秋景,依然是清凄的笔调,视点却从天空转移到地面。这样就为人物的出现腾出了环境。
作者的出场是飘然而至的。“扫却石边云”,古人以为云出石中,故以“云根”作为山石的别名,这里无疑是指夜间岩壁旁近的雾气。作者袍角“扫却”了它们,那就几乎是擦着山石而疾行,也不怕擦碰跌绊,这其间已经透出了作者的酒意。下句“醉踏松根月”,则明明白白承认了自己的醉态。“松根月”是指地面靠近松树树根的月光,明月透过松树的荫盖,落到地上已是斑斑驳驳,作者专寻这样的“月”来“踏”,这就显出了他脚步的趔趄。这样的大醉急行,是很难坚持到底的。果然,他仰面朝天躺倒在地,起初还能瞥望“星斗满天”,随后便将外部世界什么也不放在心上,酣然高眠,“人睡也”。
短短五句,将人物的旷放超豪,表现得入木三分。五句中分插了“雪”、“露”、“云”、“月”、“星”五个关于天象的名词,或实指,或虚影,颇见巧妙。五句中无不在层层状写露天的夜景,却以人物我行我素的行动超脱待之,显示了旷达的高怀。以起首的“白雁乱飞”与结末的“人睡也”作一对照,更能见出这一点。
值得一提的是,作品以“秋居”为题目,而写的是醉后的露宿,这就明显带有“以天地为屋宇,万物于我何与哉”的旷达意味,由此亦可见作者以此为豪、以此为快的情趣。
秋天年复一年来到人间,面目都是一样的,而到了诗人笔下,它却千变万化。吴西逸这首《清江引·秋居》清淡雅洁、宁静淡泊,像没有人间烟火味的仙界,这是一位隐君子的精神追求。曲子的整个色调是洁白晶莹的。白雁飞过,虽是秋天但让人感觉在下雪。在这支小令中,作者突出了对意象的细节描写,来体现自由自在的田园乐趣。该诗表达了作者追求远离污浊的尘世,回到大自然的怀抱,保持高雅的情操。
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李白《
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月夜听卢子顺弹琴》
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白居易《
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短歌行》
吴西逸简介
唐代·吴西逸的简介
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[元](约公元一三二〇年前后在世)名、里、生卒年均不详,约元仁宗延祐末前后在世。其散曲《自况》云:“万倾烟霞归路,一川花草香车,利名场上我情疏。蓝田堪种玉,鲁海可操觚,东风供睡足。”可从中窥见其性情。散曲内容多写自然景物、离愁别恨或个人的闲适生活,风格清丽疏淡。阿里西瑛作嬾云窝成,自题殿前欢,西逸及贯云石等均有和作。西逸所作曲,今存小令四十余支。(见太平乐府)太和正音谱评为“如空谷流泉。”
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