春晓曲
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唐代]：温庭筠
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家临长信往来道，乳燕双双拂烟草。
油壁车轻金犊肥，流苏帐晓春鸡早。
笼中娇鸟暖犹睡，帘外落花闲不扫。
衰桃一树近前池，似惜红颜镜中老。
春晓曲译文及注释
译文
我家就住在往来长信宫的大道旁，小燕子双双在如烟的花草见穿梭。
出入都是油壁香车，金犊牵挽，室内陈设着流苏宝帐，鸡鸣正叫早。
天气已经回暖，笼中的娇鸟暖还在昏睡，门帘外的落花闲来也不扫。
看到暮春一树衰桃，临池倒影，不禁叹息，人也如桃花般红颜易衰。
注释
长信：本指长信宫，汉长乐宫殿名。汉太后入居长乐宫，多居此宫殿。后亦为太皇太后的代称。
拂：一作“掠”。草：一作“早”。
油壁车：古人乘坐的一种车子。因车壁用油涂饰，故名。
晓：一作“暖”。
暖：一作“晓”。
衰桃：花已凋败的桃树。
红：一作“容”。镜：指池塘的水面如镜。
参考资料：
1、彭定求 等．全唐诗（下）．上海：上海古籍出版社，1986：1476
2、刘学锴．温庭筠诗词选．郑州：中州古籍出版社，2011：78-79
3、邱美琼 胡建次．温庭筠词全集汇校汇注汇评．武汉：崇文书局，2015：107-109
春晓曲创作背景
此词是作者为闺中女子代言之作，反映其闺情生活。这在温庭筠诗词中甚为常见。其具体创作时间难以确证。
参考资料：
1、邱美琼 胡建次．温庭筠词全集汇校汇注汇评．武汉：崇文书局，2015：107-109
春晓曲鉴赏
古人好春怨秋愁，这是典型的宫怨（闺怨）诗。一般的宫怨（闺怨）诗多以凄清秋景作背景，借以烘托失宠宫嫔之寂寞凄凉心境。此首却以春晓鲜妍明丽的景物作背景，借以反衬宫嫔失宠的命运与惋惜红颜易老的心理，别具匠心。
开头两句写春景。“家临长信”“乳燕双双”有所暗示。汉鸿嘉三年（公元前18年），汉成帝刘骜微服巡行，经过阳阿公主家，见歌女赵飞燕艳丽非常，便召她入宫，极为宠幸。不久，成帝又将其妹赵合德召入宫中，封赵氏姊妹为婕妤，从此赵氏姐妹贵倾后宫。为了进一步巩固自己在宫中的地位，赵飞燕又诬告许皇后、班婕妤有邪媒之道。许皇后被赵氏姐妹诬陷后，班婕妤见情势危急，便请求去长信宫侍奉皇太后。这里借用“长信宫”来暗喻班婕妤失宠后自避长信宫的典故，使诗歌表达闺怨之旨突显出来，内中隐含着失意的忧伤。接着两句写用品、陈设的富贵华美，隐隐透漏出一种慵懒无奈之感。家宅临近皇居，出入乘油壁香车，金犊牵挽，室内陈流苏宝帐，有春鸡报晓。不言富贵，而诗中人之豪奢自现。
后面四句写暮春景色，“暖犹睡”“闲不扫”表现出来的是春困的慵懒，“衰桃一树”“红颜镜中老”表现出来的是容颜憔悴，青春逝去的哀怨。结尾暗以衰桃临池比喻美人临镜，叹息红颜易衰，表现出一种无限悲凉之感。
此诗以春鸡、乳燕、落花、衰桃、娇鸟等意象渲染出了一片暮春景色。全篇几乎没有动作，也没有出现人物，纯为一个静谧柔媚的画面描绘。作者冷静客观的叙述，不作过多的主观抒情，就像是一幅图画，是一种静的客观的美。全诗语言华丽，意象密集，风格秾丽绮艳。其声调的确有接近词体之处，因此有些版本就当作词处理，调名为木兰花（或玉楼春）。
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晏几道《
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御街行·街南绿树春饶絮》
温庭筠简介
唐代·温庭筠的简介
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温庭筠（约812—866）唐代诗人、词人。本名岐，字飞卿，太原祁（今山西祁县东南）人。富有天才，文思敏捷，每入试，押官韵，八叉手而成八韵，所以也有“温八叉”之称。然恃才不羁，又好讥刺权贵，多犯忌讳，取憎于时，故屡举进士不第，长被贬抑，终生不得志。官终国子助教。精通音律。工诗，与李商隐齐名，时称“温李”。其诗辞藻华丽，秾艳精致，内容多写闺情。其词艺术成就在晚唐诸词人之上，为“花间派”首要词人，对词的发展影响较大。在词史上，与韦庄齐名，并称“温韦”。存词七十余首。后人辑有《温飞卿集》及《金奁集》。
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