长安早春
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唐代]:张子容
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开国维东井,城池起北辰。
咸歌太平日,共乐建寅春。
雪尽黄山树,冰开黑水津。
草迎金埒马,花伴玉楼人。
鸿渐看无数,莺歌听欲频。
何当桂枝擢,还及柳条新。
长安早春译文及注释
译文
建国立都对应着东井星宿,城池从北辰处开始延伸。
百姓们都在歌颂太平盛世,共同沉浸于正月欢乐春。
黄山树上的冬雪已经化尽,黑水渡口坚冰也已消融。
金沟边青草丛生如迎春到,香花开放陪伴玉楼美人。
眼前无数鸿鸟在空中飞翔,黄莺频频传来美妙歌声。
什么时候能在科举中登第,回家还赶得上柳条清新。
注释
开国:指建国立都。维:连结。一作“移”。东井:星宿名,位处银河之东,也称井宿。维东井,指唐都长安与东井对应。
起:一作“对”。北辰:指北极星。
咸:全,都。
建寅:指夏历正月。
雪:一作“云”。黄:一作“青”。
黑水:此指渭水。津:渡口。一作“滨”。
金埒(liè):指用金堆成的矮墙。
伴:一作“醉”。玉楼:华丽的楼。
鸿渐:谓鸿鹄飞翔从低到高,循序渐进。
歌:一作“声”。
桂枝擢(zhuó):喻指科举及第。
还:指归家。
参考资料:
1、彭定求 等.全唐诗(上).上海:上海古籍出版社,1986:272
2、彭国忠 等.唐代试律诗.合肥:黄山书社,2006:6-7
长安早春创作背景
此诗《文苑英华》卷一八一编入“省试”类,是作者参加科举考试时所作的试律诗。考作者生平,可知此诗为唐玄宗先天二年(713年)春作者在长安应进士举时所作。
参考资料:
1、彭国忠 等.唐代试律诗.合肥:黄山书社,2006:6-7
长安早春鉴赏
此诗是命题写景之作,亦是试律诗的主要题材之一。首二联从正面破题,但并非直接点破,而是以“东井”“北辰”破“长安”,以“建寅春”破“早春”,且同时总起全诗。三联承写诗题中的“早春”二字,描写冰消雪融之景。四联具体描摹的是早春时节,草长花开之景,且又加入了人们游春的活动。“迎”“伴”二字都用了拟人手法,赋予花草以人格色彩,使它们显得如此有情、可爱。相对于四联主要描写植物,五联描写的却是春天动物的活动。此联上句是远景的描述,下句由视觉转入听觉,描写了黄莺的啼鸣。末联表面上仍写春色,实际上是表达了作者希望自己早日登第出仕,以有所作为的理想和抱负,也表现了作者积极进取的人生态度。
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欧阳修《
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秦观《
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满庭芳·晓色云开》
张子容简介
唐代·张子容的简介
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张子容,襄阳人(今属湖北),又名张五。生卒年均不详,约唐玄宗开元十六年前后在世。先天元年(712)举进士,仕为乐城令,开元中谪为东城尉。又曾官晋陵尉。初,与孟浩然同隐鹿门山,为死生交,诗篇唱答颇多。复值乱离,流寓江表。后竟弃官归旧业以终。子容为诗兴趣高远,为当时文士所称,有诗集传于世。
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