长安早春
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唐代]：张子容
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开国维东井，城池起北辰。
咸歌太平日，共乐建寅春。
雪尽黄山树，冰开黑水津。
草迎金埒马，花伴玉楼人。
鸿渐看无数，莺歌听欲频。
何当桂枝擢，还及柳条新。
长安早春译文及注释
译文
建国立都对应着东井星宿，城池从北辰处开始延伸。
百姓们都在歌颂太平盛世，共同沉浸于正月欢乐春。
黄山树上的冬雪已经化尽，黑水渡口坚冰也已消融。
金沟边青草丛生如迎春到，香花开放陪伴玉楼美人。
眼前无数鸿鸟在空中飞翔，黄莺频频传来美妙歌声。
什么时候能在科举中登第，回家还赶得上柳条清新。
注释
开国：指建国立都。维：连结。一作“移”。东井：星宿名，位处银河之东，也称井宿。维东井，指唐都长安与东井对应。
起：一作“对”。北辰：指北极星。
咸：全，都。
建寅：指夏历正月。
雪：一作“云”。黄：一作“青”。
黑水：此指渭水。津：渡口。一作“滨”。
金埒（liè）：指用金堆成的矮墙。
伴：一作“醉”。玉楼：华丽的楼。
鸿渐：谓鸿鹄飞翔从低到高，循序渐进。
歌：一作“声”。
桂枝擢（zhuó）：喻指科举及第。
还：指归家。
参考资料：
1、彭定求 等．全唐诗（上）．上海：上海古籍出版社，1986：272
2、彭国忠 等．唐代试律诗．合肥：黄山书社，2006：6-7
长安早春创作背景
此诗《文苑英华》卷一八一编入“省试”类，是作者参加科举考试时所作的试律诗。考作者生平，可知此诗为唐玄宗先天二年（713年）春作者在长安应进士举时所作。
参考资料：
1、彭国忠 等．唐代试律诗．合肥：黄山书社，2006：6-7
长安早春鉴赏
此诗是命题写景之作，亦是试律诗的主要题材之一。首二联从正面破题，但并非直接点破，而是以“东井”“北辰”破“长安”，以“建寅春”破“早春”，且同时总起全诗。三联承写诗题中的“早春”二字，描写冰消雪融之景。四联具体描摹的是早春时节，草长花开之景，且又加入了人们游春的活动。“迎”“伴”二字都用了拟人手法，赋予花草以人格色彩，使它们显得如此有情、可爱。相对于四联主要描写植物，五联描写的却是春天动物的活动。此联上句是远景的描述，下句由视觉转入听觉，描写了黄莺的啼鸣。末联表面上仍写春色，实际上是表达了作者希望自己早日登第出仕，以有所作为的理想和抱负，也表现了作者积极进取的人生态度。
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欧阳修《
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丰乐亭游春三首》
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秦观《
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满庭芳·晓色云开》
张子容简介
唐代·张子容的简介
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张子容，襄阳人（今属湖北），又名张五。生卒年均不详，约唐玄宗开元十六年前后在世。先天元年（712）举进士，仕为乐城令，开元中谪为东城尉。又曾官晋陵尉。初，与孟浩然同隐鹿门山，为死生交，诗篇唱答颇多。复值乱离，流寓江表。后竟弃官归旧业以终。子容为诗兴趣高远，为当时文士所称，有诗集传于世。
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