杨柳枝·宜春苑外最长条
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唐代]：温庭筠
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宜春苑外最长条，闲袅春风伴舞腰。
正是玉人肠绝处，一渠春水赤栏桥。
杨柳枝·宜春苑外最长条译文及注释
译文
宜春院外杨柳轻拂低垂，伴着那春风扭摆着腰肢。
那御河之上的红栏桥畔，多少情人在此伤心别离。
注释
⑴杨柳枝：词牌名，七言绝句之一体，四句三平韵。
⑵宜春苑：古代苑囿名。秦时在宜春宫之东，汉称宜春下苑。即后所称曲江池者，唐代为教坊乐妓所居之地，故址在今陕西省西安市。长条：指细长柔软的柳枝。
⑶舞腰：比况之词，状杨柳细软若舞腰。
⑷玉人：美人。肠绝：一作“肠断”。
⑸赤栏桥：长安城郊桥名，后多泛指男女或朋友相会之处。
杨柳枝·宜春苑外最长条创作背景
温庭筠的几首《杨柳枝》词描写的是京城长安的杨柳，联系作者的生平，这首词很可能是作者中年进京应考时游览宜春苑时所作。每当春天之时，微风吹拂，犹如十三女儿的舞腰一般妩媚动人。温庭筠写下了八首《杨柳枝》，这首即是其中之一。
参考资料：
1、张红．温庭筠词新释辑评：中国书店，2003：157-162
2、陈绪万．唐宋元小令鉴赏辞典：华岳文艺出版社，1990：41
杨柳枝·宜春苑外最长条鉴赏
起句，点明咏柳本题。“宜春苑外”四字，点出杨柳所在之地。“最长条”三字，简约的勾勒柳枝的“长条”形状。柳，向以“垂柳”为美，冬去春来，发芽抽枝，很快长条拂地。因而咏柳的作品，总是渲染柳条的柔长。温词言柳，也先写其“长条”，既将柳之所以区别于其他事物的主要特征表现出来。而着一“最”字，分明已将人的观感溶于其中。那么，词人不写其他花树，却独言柳，可能只是因为柳的“最长条”，或是另有别的什么原因。但仔细分析即可知，细长柔软的柳条，最能勾起人的离情别绪。柳条随风摇摆，与人难舍又难分，好像还有许多惜别的话，没有说出来，饱含着激情。细细地柳丝，似人的情思。因此，描摹柳的“长条”，已暗示人的伤怀，以物喻人。紧接“闲袅”句，承首句，咏柳枝柔细而俏美的样子。美人舞腰纤软，用以媲美杨柳树枝在春风中舞动的轻柔美妙景象，十分生动可爱。“伴舞腰”，其一“伴”字，描摹柳条与春风结“伴”，即与春风共舞，拟人化手法更为浓重，甚得物之神韵。自然地引起下文“玉人”的感怀。
三、四句，借柳而赋离情。说“玉人”肠绝，表明她的悲伤；而用虚词“正是”蝉联，便与首句“最”字挽合，既有开合震荡的节奏感，更强化了此句与上两句之间的一意贯连，即标明，正是春风中摇动的柳条，牵惹起“玉人”的离情别绪。至此，感悟伤怀的题旨充分表露，唱叹之间，使物我无间。“一渠春水赤栏桥”，再以景结拍。此句，表面来看，正与首句景色相合：宜春苑外，碧水红桥，映衬绿柳，为画面增添许多春色。这景象，明丽可人。但是，联系上片“玉人肠绝”，便显然可见眼前景含无限情。作者借“桥”的意向，喻示桥头折柳送别，令人肠断，像汉人送远行者至灞桥伤别一样。故“赤栏桥”一经温词采用，便顿现光彩，使得后世亦常用以描写离别情境。而“一渠春水”的意向，既比拟愁如春水，也象征别易会难、别情无奈，“恰似一江春水流”，空留感伤。
这首《杨柳枝》在艺术上很有可取之处。言简意深，咏物与写人和谐地结合，不露一丝痕迹，形成景与人统一的意境。“正是玉人肠绝处”，在写柳之可爱以后，结合写了古代的女性，既丰富了咏物的内容，又创造了不同的意境。作者客观地咏物写人，春风、春水、赤栏桥，却皆染上离人的意绪，读来令人感慨，读者从中自可领略所咏之物的形象，感受作者所寄托的情感。这首词的咏物和表达情意，作者用了暗示、联想等手法来实现的。一、二、四句均在咏柳，描写柳，但并未点出柳字。而分别用了借代、比喻、典故等修辞方法暗示出来。这种手法既是造成这首词婉约含蓄风格的重要因素，同时也增加了读者想象的余地。
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王勃《
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羁春》
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欧阳修《
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浪淘沙》
温庭筠简介
唐代·温庭筠的简介
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温庭筠（约812—866）唐代诗人、词人。本名岐，字飞卿，太原祁（今山西祁县东南）人。富有天才，文思敏捷，每入试，押官韵，八叉手而成八韵，所以也有“温八叉”之称。然恃才不羁，又好讥刺权贵，多犯忌讳，取憎于时，故屡举进士不第，长被贬抑，终生不得志。官终国子助教。精通音律。工诗，与李商隐齐名，时称“温李”。其诗辞藻华丽，秾艳精致，内容多写闺情。其词艺术成就在晚唐诸词人之上，为“花间派”首要词人，对词的发展影响较大。在词史上，与韦庄齐名，并称“温韦”。存词七十余首。后人辑有《温飞卿集》及《金奁集》。
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