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《山中留客》原文及意思全解_张旭作品-<br /> <b>Warning</b>: Use of undefined constant sitename - assumed 'sitename' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in <b>/www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php</b> on line <b>26</b><br /> 怎祝网
首页 > 诗文 > 张旭的诗 > 山中留客

山中留客

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唐代
]:张旭


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山光物态弄春晖,莫为轻阴便拟归。

纵使晴明无雨色,入云深处亦沾衣。

山中留客译文及注释

译文

春光幻照之下,山景气象万千。何必初见阴云,就要匆匆回家?

就算天气晴朗,没有一丝雨意,走入云山深处,也会沾湿衣裳。

注释

山行:一作“山中”。

春晖:春光。

莫:不要。轻阴:阴云。便拟归:就打算回去。

纵使:纵然,即使。

云:指雾气、烟霭。

山中留客鉴赏

  这首诗题为《山中留客》,它的重点当然是留客。但是,因为这不是家中留客,而是“山中留客”,留的目的无疑是欣赏山中景色,所以又不能不写到春山的美景,不过写多了又会冲淡“留客”的主题。诗人怎么解决这个问题呢?他正面描写山景只用了一句诗:“山光物态弄春晖”。因为只有一句,所以诗人就不去描绘一泉一石,一花一木,而是从整体入手,着力表现春山的整个面貌,从万象更新的气象中,渲染充满目生机、引人入胜的意境。严冬过尽,春风给萧瑟的山林换上新装,万物沐浴在和煦的阳光中,生机勃勃,光彩焕发,争奇斗艳。这一“弄”字,便赋予万物以和谐的、活跃的情态和意趣。“山光物态弄春晖”,写得极为概括,但并不抽象,山光物态任你想象。你想的是那青翠欲滴的新枝绿叶吗?是迎风招展的山花送来阵阵的芬芳吗?是花叶丛中百鸟的欢唱吗?是奔流不息的淙淙溪水吗?……它们全部囊括在这一句诗里了。这是一个极富启发性和鼓动性的诗句。诗人把它放在诗的开头也是颇具匠心的。

  因为只有把这一句写得很浓,而且先声夺人,形成一种压倒的优势,“留”才有意义,客人所担心的问题才显得无足轻重。所以这开头的一句在表现上、在结构上都是值得细味的。由于第一句蕴含丰富,很有分量,第二句“莫为轻阴便拟归”,虽然是否定了客人的想法,但却显得顺流而下,毫不费力。是的,面对着这美不胜收的景致,怎能因为天边一片阴云就打算回去呢?

  光劝说客人“莫为轻阴便拟归”还不够,还必须使客人真正安下心来,游兴浓起来才行。怎样才能达到这一步呢?说今日无雨,可天有不测风云,何况“轻阴”已见,这种包票恐怕不一定保险,未必能解决客人心中的疑虑。诗人琢磨着客人的心理,他不是不想欣赏这春山美景,只是担心天雨淋湿了衣服。既然如此,诗人就来一个以退为进。你是怕天雨湿衣吗,天晴又怎样呢?“纵使晴明无雨色,入云深处亦沾衣。”“沾衣”虽是难免,可那空山幽谷,云烟缥缈,水汽蒙蒙,露浓花叶,……却也是另一番极富诗意的境界啊!然而,这可不是远在一旁所能见到的。它必须登高山、探幽谷,身临其境,才能领略。而且细咀那“入云深处”四字,还会激起人们无穷的想象和追求,因为“入”之愈“深”,其所见也就愈多,但是,此“非有志者不能至也”。可见诗的三四两句,就不只是消极地解除客人的疑虑,而是巧妙地以委婉的方式,用那令人神往的意境,积极地去诱导、去点燃客人心中要欣赏春山美景的火种。

  客人想走,主人挽留,这是生活中常见的现象。不过要在四句短诗中把这一矛盾解决得完满、生动、有趣,倒也并不是一件容易的事。诗人没有回避客人提出的问题,也不是用一般的客套话去挽留,而是针对客人的心理,用山中的美景和诗人自己的感受,一步一步地引导客人开阔视野,驰骋想象,改变他的想法,从而使客人留下来。事虽寻常,诗亦短小,却写得有景、有情、有理,而且三者水乳交融,浑然一体。其中虚实相间,跌宕自如,委婉蕴含,显示出绝句的那种词显意深、语近情遥、耐人寻味的艺术魅力,很有想法。(赵其钧的评价)

  这首诗的字面意思便是上边所说,其实可以有另一种理解。世界如此美好,天地万物都展现着美好的姿态。但是不要因为一点挫折便觉得受挫,丧失信心。你看,就算是万事如常,也会有看不见的矛盾会使你受伤。山中留客,不是在山中留,而是在人生中留;客,不是作者的朋友,而是在人生中遭受挫折的朋友们。

  这一“弄”字,便赋予万物以和谐的、活跃的情态和意趣,又把山中之景细致精确的表达了出来,这是因为“弄”的本意是卖弄,而在此却加以引申了,有“起舞弄清影”中的“弄”之意。

  “沾衣”虽是难免,可那空山幽谷,云烟缥缈,水汽蒙蒙,露浓花叶,……却也是另一番极富诗意的境界啊!首先,春天雨水多,山中云雾缭绕,空气湿润,山中的游客从“云”中出来时衣服就已经变的湿润润的了。其次,是在对客人进行挽留。你怕下雨吗?下雨不过是把你的衣服打湿而已,在这山中,即使是晴天也不会让你的衣服干着,那么你又何必害怕下雨了?留下来吧!何不欣赏欣赏这雨中美景呢,可是别有一番风味啊!


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张可久《
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人月圆·春晚次韵》


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陶渊明《
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癸卯岁始春怀古田舍二首》

张旭简介

唐代·张旭的简介


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张旭


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张旭(675年—约750年),字伯高,一字季明,汉族,唐朝吴县(今江苏苏州)人。曾官常熟县尉,金吾长史。善草书,性好酒,世称张颠,也是“饮中八仙”之一。其草书当时与李白诗歌、裴旻剑舞并称“三绝”,诗亦别具一格,以七绝见长。与李白、贺知章等人共列饮中八仙之一。唐文宗曾下诏,以李白诗歌、裴旻剑舞、张旭草书为“三绝”。又工诗,与贺知章、张若虚、包融号称“吴中四士”。传世书迹有《肚痛帖》、《古诗四帖》等。

...〔 ► 张旭的诗(11篇)

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潢上钓鱼得四十九枚戏成小诗


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清代

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李英


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偶结西河叟,朝朝驻水滨。谁知麋鹿性,还与白鸥亲。

草伏情偏剧,风餐岁更贫。因思游北固,曾作钓鲈人。


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集古八绝 其四 晚步云溪上


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明代

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程敏政


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山屐经过满径踪,閒来无事不从容。白沙翠竹江村路,云碓无人水自舂。