杭州春望
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唐代]：白居易
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望海楼明照曙霞，护江堤白踏晴沙。
涛声夜入伍员庙，柳色春藏苏小家。
红袖织绫夸柿蒂，青旗沽酒趁梨花。
谁开湖寺西南路，草绿裙腰一道斜。
杭州春望译文及注释
译文
杭州城外望海楼披着明丽的朝霞，走在护江堤上踏着松软的白沙。
呼啸的钱塘涛声春夜传入伍员庙，娇嫩的绿柳春色包蕴在苏小小家。
红袖少女夸耀杭绫柿蒂织工好，青旗门前争买美酒饮“梨花”。
是谁开辟了通向湖心孤山的道路？长满青草的小道像少女的绿色裙腰弯弯斜斜。
注释
望海楼：作者原注云：“城东楼名望海楼。”
堤：即白沙堤。
伍员：字子胥，春秋时楚国人。其父兄皆被楚平王杀害。伍员逃到吴国，佐吴王阖庐打败楚国，又佐吴王夫差打败越国，后因受谗毁，为夫差所杀。民间传说伍员死后封为涛神，钱塘江潮为其怨怒所兴，因称“子胥涛”。历代立祠纪念，叫伍公庙。连立庙的胥山也称为“伍公山”。
苏小：即苏小小，为南朝钱塘名妓。西湖冷桥畔旧有苏小小墓。
红袖：指织绫女。
柿蒂：“杭州出柿蒂，花者尤佳也。”南宋吴自牧的《梦梁录》卷一八说：“杭土产绫曰柿蒂、狗脚，……皆花纹特起，色样织造不一。”
青旗：指酒铺门前的酒旗。沽酒：买酒。
梨花：酒名。作者原注云：“其俗，酿酒趁梨花时熟，号为‘梨花春’。”案此二句写杭州的风俗特产：夸耀杭州产土绫“柿蒂”花色好，市民赶在梨花开时饮梨花春酒。
参考资料：
1、乔力 ．《唐诗精华分卷》 ：朝华出版社 ，1991 ．
2、李时人 ．《古今山水名胜诗词辞典》 ：陕西人民出版社 ，1991 ．
杭州春望创作背景
白居易自穆宗长庆二年（822）秋至长庆四年春任杭州刺史，此诗即作于是时。
参考资料：
1、余冠英 ．《中国古代山水诗鉴赏辞典》 ：江苏古籍出版社 ，1989 ．
杭州春望鉴赏
首联，先推出“望海楼”“护江堤”，是因为楼高、堤长足可贯领通篇，它们在辉彩早霞、泛光晴沙的映照下，一“明”一“白”，渲衬成一派秾丽畅朗的气氛，渐启以下佳境。在这里，“照”楼曙色和霞光属客观现象，“踏”堤遨游则是游人的兴趣，一静一动，皆从诗人眼中见出，紧扣题目的“望”字。诗中原注：“城东楼名望海楼”，又杭城临钱塘江，故筑堤。次联转过一层，始引出显著的季节特征：春潮汹涌，夜涛摩荡，声响直振吴山顶的伍公庙；柳枝掩映，苏小家正当新绿深处，春光似乎就凝汇在她如花的年华和火一般的热情里……这两句声色交织、虚实相衬，分别从视听感知里生发出“夜入”“春藏”的美妙联想，一并融进涵纳着深沉悠远的历史内容的“伍员庙”“苏小家”里，使古老的胜迹超越时空，带上了现实感，并给读者以审美的愉悦。
第三联从前面连辐直下的四处景点移开目光，注视到民俗人事上来。江南丝织业繁盛，故诗中自注：“杭州出柿蒂，花者尤佳也”，据宋人吴自牧《梦粱录·物产》记载，这是绫的花纹；又当地产美酒，诗中亦自注：“其俗，酿酒趁梨花时熟，号为‘梨花春’”。这里特以二者并举，描写杭州女工织艺的精巧和当时人们争饮佳醪的民俗风情，勾勒出繁荣兴旺的社会景象。而“红袖”与“青旗”、“柿蒂”与“梨花”的颜色对照、品物相衬，更象一幅工丽雅致的画图，流溢着浓郁活泼的生活情趣。尾联以登高远眺所见的阔大场景收束，暗与首句照应。“湖寺西南路”，指由断桥向西通往湖中到孤山的长堤，两旁杂花草木密布，诗中自注说：“孤山寺路在湖洲中，草绿时，望如裙腰”。请看，满湖清波如同少女的彩裙飘动，白堤上烟柳葱茏，碧草如茵，就像少女裙上的绿色飘带。上句就“谁开”提唱，故设问答，接着用了“裙腰”这个绝妙的比喻，使人联想到春天的西湖，仿佛是一位风姿绰约的妙龄少女的化身。
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雍陶《
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城西访友人别墅》
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薛昂夫《
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西湖杂咏·春》
白居易简介
唐代·白居易的简介
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白居易（772年－846年），字乐天，号香山居士，又号醉吟先生，祖籍太原，到其曾祖父时迁居下邽，生于河南新郑。是唐代伟大的现实主义诗人，唐代三大诗人之一。白居易与元稹共同倡导新乐府运动，世称“元白”，与刘禹锡并称“刘白”。白居易的诗歌题材广泛，形式多样，语言平易通俗，有“诗魔”和“诗王”之称。官至翰林学士、左赞善大夫。公元846年，白居易在洛阳逝世，葬于香山。有《白氏长庆集》传世，代表诗作有《长恨歌》、《卖炭翁》、《琵琶行》等。
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文同
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