漫成一绝
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唐代]：杜甫
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江月去人只数尺，风灯照夜欲三更。
沙头宿鹭联拳静，船尾跳鱼拨剌鸣。
漫成一绝译文及注释
译文
水中的月影离我只有数尺之远，船中桅杆上的风灯照耀着夜空，时间马上就要进入三更天。
栖息在沙滩上的白鹭静静地蜷身而睡，突然船尾方向传来“拨剌”一声，原来有一条鱼儿跃出水面。
注释
漫成：即诗人一时应手之作。
“去人”句：意谓月影靠船很近。江月：江面上空的月亮。南朝梁何逊《宿南洲浦》诗：“违乡已信次，江月初三五。”
风灯：船中桅杆上挂着照夜的灯，有纸罩避风。清陈维嵩《桂殿秋·淮河夜泊》词：“船头水笛吹晴碧，樯尾风灯飐夜红。”三更：指半夜十一时至翌晨一时。《乐府诗集·清商曲辞二·子夜变歌一》：“三更开门去，始知子夜变。”
“沙头”句：指夜宿的白鹭屈曲着身子，静静地蜷躺在沙滩上。沙头：沙滩边；沙洲边。北周庾信《春赋》：“树下流杯客，沙头渡水人。”拳：屈曲貌。唐杜甫《雕赋》：“联拳拾穗，长大如人。”一说“联拳”通“连蜷”，蜷身之意。静：一作“起”。
拨剌：鱼在水里跳动所发出的声音。拨：一作“跋”，一作“泼”。
漫成一绝创作背景
这首诗是杜甫寄居巴蜀时期所作，时间为唐代宗大历元年（766年），当时杜甫正在从云安（今四川云阳）前往夔州的船上。
参考资料：
1、周啸天 等．唐诗鉴赏辞典．上海：上海辞书出版社，1983：590-591
漫成一绝鉴赏
在绝句体中，有一种“一句一绝”的格调。即每句写一景，多用两联骈偶，句子之间似无关联。它最初起源于晋代《四时咏》（“春水满四泽，夏云多奇峰。秋月扬明辉，冬岭秀孤松”）。唐代作者已不多，唯杜甫最喜运用这种体格。或许是因为他太精于诗律，运用这种绝体，可以因难见巧。他最脍炙人口的绝句如“两个黄鹂鸣翠柳”“糁径杨花铺白毡”“迟日江山丽”等，也都是用这种体格。这些诗的优点不只在于写景生动，律对精切，而尤其在于能形成一个统一完美的意境，句与句彼此照应，融为一幅完整图画。
这首诗写夜泊之景。诗人写月夜，不从空中之月写起，而写水中月影（“江月”），一开始就抓住江上夜景的特色。“去人只数尺”是说月影靠船秀近，“江清月近人”，它同时写出江水之清明。江中月影近人，画出了“江天一色无纤尘，皎皎空中孤月轮”的江间月夜美景，境界是宁静而安谧的。第二句写舟中樯竿上挂着照夜的灯，在月下灯光显得冲淡而柔和。桅灯当有纸罩避风，故曰“风灯”。其时江间并没有风，否则江水不会那样宁静，月影也不会那样清晰可接了。一二句似乎都是写景，但已暗示出一个未眠人的存在（第一句已点出“人”字），这就是诗人自己。从“江月”写到“风灯”，从舟外写到舟内，由远及近。然后再写到江岸，又是由近移远。由于月照沙岸如雪，沙头景物隐略可辨，夜宿的白鹭屈曲着身子，三五成群团聚在沙滩上，它们睡得那样安恬，与环境极为和谐；同时又表现出宁静的景物中有生命的呼吸。这和平境界的可爱，惟有饱经丧乱的不眠人才能充分体会。
诗句中洋溢着诗人对和平生活的向往和对于自然界小生命的热爱，这与诗人忧国忧民的精神是一脉相通的。诗人对着“沙头宿鹭”，不禁衷心赞美夜的“静”美。由于他与自然万类息息相通，这“静”与“深林人不知，明月来相照”（王维《竹里馆》）的寂静幽独该有多少不同。忽然船尾传来“拨剌”的声响，使凝神睇视着的诗人猛地惊醒，他转向船尾，只见波光粼粼的水面上跃起一条大鱼，在夜空中画了一条若隐若现的弧线后，又潜入水中。
诗的前三句着力刻画都在一个“静”字，末句却写动、写声，似乎破了静谧之境，然而其表达效果恰好相反，以动破静，愈见其静；以声破静，愈见其静。与“蝉噪林逾静，鸟鸣山更幽”（王籍《入若耶溪》）有异曲同工之处。这是陪衬的手法，适当把对立因素渗入统一的基调，可以强化总的基调。这是诗、画、音乐都常采用的手法。诗的末两句分写鱼、鸟，一动一静，相反相成，抓住了江上月夜最有特点同时又最富于诗意的情景，写得逼真、亲切而又传神，可见诗人体物之工。
此诗乍看上去，四句分写月、灯、鸟、鱼，各成一景，不相联属，确是“一句一绝”。然而，诗人通过远近推移、动静相成的手法，使舟内舟外、江间陆上、物与物、情与景之间相互关联，浑融一体，读之如身历其境，由境会意。因而决不是什么“断锦裂缯”（胡应麟）。“老去诗篇浑漫与”，从诗题“漫成”可知是诗人一时得心应手之作，这种工致而天然的境界不是徒事雕章琢句者能达到的。
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白居易《
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冬至宿杨梅馆》
杜甫简介
唐代·杜甫的简介
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杜甫（712－770），字子美，自号少陵野老，世称“杜工部”、“杜少陵”等，汉族，河南府巩县（今河南省巩义市）人，唐代伟大的现实主义诗人，杜甫被世人尊为“诗圣”，其诗被称为“诗史”。杜甫与李白合称“李杜”，为了跟另外两位诗人李商隐与杜牧即“小李杜”区别开来，杜甫与李白又合称“大李杜”。他忧国忧民，人格高尚，他的约1400余首诗被保留了下来，诗艺精湛，在中国古典诗歌中备受推崇，影响深远。759-766年间曾居成都，后世有杜甫草堂纪念。
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辛弃疾
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世路风波恶。喜清时、边夫袖手，□将帷幄。正值春光二三月，两两燕穿帘幕。又怕个、江南花落。与客携壶连夜饮，任蟾光、飞上阑干角。何时唱，从军乐。归欤已赋居岩壑。悟人世、正类春蚕，自相缠缚。眼畔昏鸦千万点，□欠归来野鹤。都不恋、黑头黄阁。一咏一觞成底事，庆康宁、天赋何须药。金盏大，为君酌。