夜筝
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唐代]：白居易
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紫袖红弦明月中，自弹自感暗低容。
弦凝指咽声停处，别有深情一万重。
夜筝鉴赏
若要把白居易《琵琶行》裁剪为四句一首的绝句，实在叫人无从下手。但是，《琵琶行》作者的这一首《夜筝》诗，无疑提供了一个很精妙的缩本。
“紫袖”、“红弦”，分别是弹筝人与筝的代称。以“紫袖”代弹者，与以“皓齿”代歌者、“细腰”代舞者（李贺《将进酒》：“皓齿歌，细腰舞。”）一样，选词造语十分工整。“紫袖红弦”不但暗示出弹筝者的乐妓身份，也描写出其修饰的美好，女子弹筝的形象宛如画出。“明月”点“夜”。“月白风清，如此良夜何？”倘如“举酒欲饮无管弦”，那是不免“醉不成饮”的。读者可以由此联想到浔阳江头那个明月之夜的情景。
次句写到弹筝。连用了两个“自”字，这并不等于说独处（诗题一作“听夜筝”），而是旁若无人的意思。它写出弹筝者已全神倾注于筝乐的情态。“自弹”，是信手弹来，“低眉信手续续弹”，得心应手；“自感”，弹奏者完全沉浸在乐曲之中。唯有“自感”，才能感人。“自弹自感”把演奏者灵感到来的一种精神状态写得惟妙惟肖。旧时乐妓大多都有一本心酸史，诗中的筝人虽未能像琵琶女那样敛容自陈一番，仅“闇低容”（闇：àn，黯淡）三字，已能使读者想象无穷。
音乐之美本在于声，可诗中对筝乐除一个笼统的“弹”字几乎没有正面描写，接下去却集中笔力，写出一个无声的顷刻。这无声是“弦凝”，是乐曲的一个有机组成部分；这无声是“指咽”，是如泣如诉的情绪上升到顶点所起的突变；这无声是“声停”，而不是一味的沉寂。正因为与声情攸关，它才不同于真的无声，因而听者从这里获得的感受是“别有深情一万重”。
诗人就是这样，不仅引导读者发现了奇妙的无声之美（“此时无声胜有声”），更通过这一无声的顷刻让读者去领悟想象那筝曲的全部的美妙。《夜筝》全力贯注的这一笔，正是《琵琶行》中“冰泉冷涩弦疑绝，凌绝不通声暂歇。别有幽愁暗恨生，此时无声胜有声”一节诗句的化用。
但值得读者注意的是，《琵琶行》得意的笔墨，是对琶乐本身绘声绘色的铺陈描写，而《夜筝》所取的倒是《琵琶行》中用作陪衬的描写。这又不是偶然的了。清人刘熙载说：“绝句取径深曲”，“正面不写写反面，本面不写写背面、旁面，须如睹影知竿乃妙。”（《艺概》）尤其涉及叙事时，绝句不可能像叙事诗那样把一个事件展开，来一个铺陈始末。因此对素材的剪裁提炼特别重要。诗人在这里对音乐的描写只能取一顷刻，使人从一斑见全貌。而“弦凝指咽声停处”的顷刻，就有丰富的暗示性，它类乎乐谱中一个大有深意的休止符，可以引起读者对“自弹自感”内容的丰富联想。诗从侧面落笔，收到了“睹影知竿”的效果。
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李白《
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望月有怀》
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欧阳修《
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夜夜曲》
白居易简介
唐代·白居易的简介
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白居易（772年－846年），字乐天，号香山居士，又号醉吟先生，祖籍太原，到其曾祖父时迁居下邽，生于河南新郑。是唐代伟大的现实主义诗人，唐代三大诗人之一。白居易与元稹共同倡导新乐府运动，世称“元白”，与刘禹锡并称“刘白”。白居易的诗歌题材广泛，形式多样，语言平易通俗，有“诗魔”和“诗王”之称。官至翰林学士、左赞善大夫。公元846年，白居易在洛阳逝世，葬于香山。有《白氏长庆集》传世，代表诗作有《长恨歌》、《卖炭翁》、《琵琶行》等。
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