临行与故游夜别
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南北朝]：何逊
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历稔共追随，一旦辞群匹。
复如东注水，未有西归日。
夜雨滴空阶，晓灯暗离室。
相悲各罢酒，何时同促膝？
临行与故游夜别译文及注释
译文
多年来，我们一起共事，情好谊笃，如今即将与你们分别了，让人怎能不感伤。
我这一去犹如东流的江水，不知何时才能回归。
夜晚湿冷的雨滴，淅沥落在空旷的台阶上，室内三杯两盏淡酒，促膝话别，彻夜不眠，不知不觉间曙色已跃上窗头。
只好放下各自手中的杯盏，何时咱们还能像现在这样把酒尽欢。
注释
历稔（rěn）：历年。稔：谷熟，谷一熟为一年。
群匹：群朋， 即诗题中的“故游”。
注：泻。
空阶：没有行人，没有行人的夜，可知已是夜深人静。晓灯：破晓时室内显得暗淡的光。
促膝：古人采用跪坐的姿势，对坐交谈时，彼此的能部相接近，叫“促膝”。
参考资料：
1、刘让言 林家英 陈志明．中国古典诗歌选注：甘肃人民出版社，1981年12月第1版：第458页
2、箫之编译．古诗三百首：京华出版社，2003年04月第1版：第562页
临行与故游夜别创作背景
何逊曾作庐陵王记室，庐陵千军府设在江州（今江西省九江市）。此诗当作于赴江州时。是写他赴任前与故友夜别时的情景。
参考资料：
1、陈君慧主编．古诗三百首：北方文艺出版社，2013.01：第288页
临行与故游夜别鉴赏
历稔共追随，一旦辞群匹。
复如东注水，未有西归日。
夜雨滴空阶，晓灯暗离室。
相悲各罢酒，何时同促膝？
此篇《艺文类聚》卷二十九、《文苑英华》卷二百八十六均题作《从镇江州与游故别》，余冠英选注《汉魏六朝诗选》、朱东润主编《中国历代文学作品选》、北京大学中国文学史教研室选注《魏晋南北朝文学史参考资料》等，均误作《从政江州与故游别》。
考何逊从镇江州，共有两次：第一次在公元510年（天监九年）旧历六月，建安王萧伟出为都督江州诸军事、镇南将军、江州（今江西九江）刺史，何逊仍从掌书记。第二次在公元517年（天监十六年）旧历六月，庐陵王萧续出为江州剌史，何逊以记室复随府江州。不久即去世。
据诗意推测，此诗当作于第一次从镇江州时。全诗极力渲染与朋友离别时依恋难舍的情景，深婉动人。
建安王萧伟礼贤下士，“由是四方游士、当世知名者，莫不毕至。”伟又穿凿园林，穷极雕丽，“每与宾客游其中”（《梁书·萧伟传》）。公元507年（天监六年），何逊迁建安王水曹行参军，兼任记室，深得萧伟信任，日与游宴。今从镇江州，将与故游离别，自然无限惆怅。故开头两句便说：“历稔共追随，一旦辞群匹。”“历稔”，多年也。“群匹”，即指故游诸人。共事多年，追随左右，情好谊笃，不忍遽别。
时萧伟任扬州刺史（治所在今南京），何逊亦在刺史幕中。南京濒临长江。长江之水西天来，奔流到海不复回。正如古乐府《长歌行》所吟咏的那样：“百川东到海，何时复西归。”诗人不禁睹物起兴，发出深沉的喟叹：“复如东注水，未有西归日”。这尚是虚拟。
而眼前实景更是伤人怀抱：室外夜色深沉，雨声淅沥。酷热的夏夜，如果来一阵滂沱暴雨，带来些许凉意，或许可以冲刷掉离人的愁思，减轻一点人们的痛苦。却偏偏不是！这缠绵夜雨，点点滴滴，打在人踪寂寥的空阶之上，“这次第，怎一个愁字了得！”一个“空”字，增加了无限凄凉。而室内灯光朦胧，离筵草草，三杯两盏淡酒，怎抵它离恨别愁！促膝话别，彻夜不眠，完全忘记了时间，曙光暗淡了灯光，方知东方之既白。
一个“晓”字，潜藏着无限离别深情。叶矫然说：“何仲言体物写景，造微入妙，佳句实开唐人三昧。”（《龙性堂诗话》初集）而“夜雨”两句，正是这样的佳句。茫茫夜色，点点细雨，淡淡灯光，给这故游夜别的场面笼罩上一片浓重的感伤色彩。难怪陆时雍评此二句曰：“惨甚！闲闲两语，景色自成。”又曰：“‘林密户稍阴，草滋苔欲暗’，细写得幽；‘薄云岩际出，残月波中上’，轻写得妙；‘解缆及朝风，落帆依暝浦’，平写得帖；‘夜雨滴空阶，晓灯暗离室’，深写得苦。此皆直绘物情，不烦妆点。”（《古诗镜》卷二十二）故游不堪离恨苦，更何况酒入愁肠化作相思泪。离别在即，于是面面相觑，悲不自胜，不禁为之罢席。
“相悲各罢酒，何时同促膝？”“同”字照应首句的“共”字，缠绵悱恻。而以设问作结，进一步抒发了“盛会难再”的深沉感慨，使人产生无限遐想。
何逊的诗，题材比较狭窄，多为赠答酬唱、送别伤离之作。而他的可贵之处，是很少无病呻吟。像这首诗写离别，将寻常情事，眼前景物，信手拈来，自然清新，且情景交融，颇为动人，前后照应，耐人寻味。特别是“夜雨”两句，更是脍炙人口。唐人郑谷《文昌寓直》诗云：“何逊空阶夜雨平，朝来交直雨新晴。”于此可见其影响之深。
参考资料：
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刘子翚《
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绝句送巨山》
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朱栴《
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官桥柳色》
何逊简介
唐代·何逊的简介
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南朝梁诗人，字仲言，东海郯(今山东省苍山县长城镇)人，何承天曾孙，宋员外郎何翼孙，齐太尉中军参军何询子。八岁能诗，弱冠州举秀才，官至尚书水部郎。诗与阴铿齐名，世号阴何。文与刘孝绰齐名，世称何刘。其诗善於写景，工于炼字。为杜甫所推许，有集八卷，今失传，明人辑有何水部集一卷。后人称"何记室"或"何水部"。
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擒文宿昔有高誉，曾策天人上玉除。海外未舒千里足，客中犹著五车书。
恩存棠树诗常咏，寓共江城迹暂疏。本为丹砂求作宰，知君不厌岭南居。
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和沈仲一北湖十咏·萱竹堂
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宋代：
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陈傅良
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萱草须锄莫放深，竹须剪伐待成林。
一花一叶皆相附，要使儿孙识此心。