玉楼春·去时梅萼初凝粉
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宋代]：欧阳修
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去时梅萼初凝粉。不觉小桃风力损。梨花最晚又凋零，何事归期无定准。
阑干倚遍重来凭。泪粉偷将红袖印。蜘蛛喜鹊误人多，似此无凭安足信。
玉楼春·去时梅萼初凝粉译文及注释
译文
离去的时候梅萼还是刚刚凝粉，眼见小桃花开都被风吹损，梨花开得最晚也凋零了，为什么归期没有个定准？
栏杆都倚遍了又来凭栏远望，眼泪偷偷地沾湿了红袖。蜘蛛与喜鹊多么误人，像这样没有凭据怎么值得相信？
注释
玉楼春：词牌名。亦称“木兰花”“春晓曲”“西湖曲”“惜春容”“归朝欢令”等。双调五十六字，前后阕格式相同，各三仄韵，一韵到底。
梅萼（è）：梅花的蓓蕾。萼，花萼，花瓣下部的一圈绿色小片。初凝粉：指花蕾刚开始孕育，在花萼中呈现出雏形。
小桃：桃花的一种，元宵前后即著花，状如垂丝海棠。
凋（diāo）零：泛指花的凋谢，零落。
何事：为何，何故。
阑（lán）干：同“栏杆”。凭：依靠。读去声，义与读平声者相同。严格地说，此处“凭”字失韵。
“泪粉”句：拭泪故粉痕渍袖。“偷“字有避人垂泪意。
蜘蛛：这里指一种小蜘蛛，俗称“喜蛛”。古人也视为喜事之瑞，如同喜鹊。喜鹊：俗传能报喜讯，有“喜鹊登枝”之说。《西京杂记》卷三引陆贾对樊哙语：“干鹊噪而行人至，蜘蛛集而百事喜。“
安足信：怎么值得相信。安，哪里，怎么。
参考资料：
1、叶嘉莹 邱少华．欧阳修词新释辑评．北京：中国书店，2001：133-134
2、俞平伯．唐宋词选释．北京 ：人民文学出版社，1979：80
玉楼春·去时梅萼初凝粉创作背景
这是一首春闺离恨之词，是以代言体形式表达闺中思妇离情别恨的作品，当为欧阳修早期所作，具体创作时间未详。
参考资料：
1、叶嘉莹 邱少华．欧阳修词新释辑评．北京：中国书店，2001：133-134
玉楼春·去时梅萼初凝粉鉴赏
此词上片通过写景表现时光的流逝，来烘托心中的闺思。下片通过人物行为表现对心上人的思念，情感委婉、真实。
上片从分手的时候写起：“去时梅萼初凝粉，不觉小桃风力损。”唐刘禹锡《崔元受少府自贬所还遗山姜花以答之》：“驿马损筋骨，贵人滋齿牙。”这里指桃花被风摧残而凋谢。这两句是说：分手的时候，梅花刚要长出花蕾，不知不觉小桃花也已经凋谢。“梨花最晚又凋零，何事归期无定准？”梨花在清明前后开放。晏殊《破阵子·春景》：“燕子来时新社，梨花落后清明。”这两句是说：开花最晚的梨花都已经凋落，你因为什么事耽搁还确定不了归来的日期？上片三折而下，写心上人久不归来，闺中人相思日重。
下片前两句具体描绘相思之情：“阑干倚遍重来凭，泪粉偷将红袖印。”“阑干倚遍”，说明登高盼归次数之多，而又“重来凭”，表现出相思之深、之切。“泪粉偷将红袖印”是说擦拭眼泪把衣袖弄上了脂粉。“偷”字表现出相思之情怕人知道的害羞之态，将情感写得很含蓄。结语由盼心上人不归，转而怨恨蜘蛛、喜鹊：“蜘蛛喜鹊误人多，似此无凭安足信。”这两句是说：蜘蛛和喜鹊已多次报喜讯，但心上人始终未归，真是“误人”不浅，像这样地不讲信用怎么能让人相信。不怨人不归，而怨蜘蛛、喜鹊“无凭”，无理而妙。
此词以浅近质朴之语，曲折表现思妇幽怨之情，足见词人笔力不浅。
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温庭筠《
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嘲三月十八日雪》
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卢照邻《
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梅花落》
欧阳修简介
唐代·欧阳修的简介
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欧阳修（1007－1072），字永叔，号醉翁，晚号“六一居士”。汉族，吉州永丰（今江西省永丰县）人，因吉州原属庐陵郡，以“庐陵欧阳修”自居。谥号文忠，世称欧阳文忠公。北宋政治家、文学家、史学家，与韩愈、柳宗元、王安石、苏洵、苏轼、苏辙、曾巩合称“唐宋八大家”。后人又将其与韩愈、柳宗元和苏轼合称“千古文章四大家”。
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