折桂令·客窗清明
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元代]：乔吉
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风风雨雨梨花，窄索帘栊，巧小窗纱。甚情绪灯前，客怀枕畔，心事天涯。三千丈清愁鬓发，五十年春梦繁华。蓦见人家，杨柳分烟，扶上檐牙。
折桂令·客窗清明译文及注释
译文
紧窄的窗户，小巧的窗纱，拓露出一方视野的空间。窗外飘打过多少阵风雨，而梨花还是那样的耀眼。不须说客灯前黯然的心绪，孤枕畔旅居的伤感，我的思念总是飞向很远很远。太多的清愁催出了三千丈的白发垂肩，再久的繁华不过是春梦一现。忽然间，我发现居民家飘出一缕缕轻烟，从杨柳树两边升起，渐渐爬上了高耸的屋檐。
注释
窄索：紧窄。
甚：甚是，正是。
檐牙：檐角上翘起的部位。
折桂令·客窗清明鉴赏
这支《折桂令·客窗清明》小令表现的是一位客居在外的游子的孤独感和失意的情怀；亦可看成是作者漂泊生活与心境的写照。从“五十年春梦繁华”一句推测，此曲约写于作者五十岁左右。
开头三句写即目所见的景物。清明时节，时届暮春，经过风吹雨打，窗前的梨花已日渐凋零了。这是透过窗棂所看到的外景，写景的观察点是在窗前，故二、三句描写窄索细密的窗帘和小巧玲珑的窗纱，以扣紧题目中的“客窗”两字。接着用“甚情绪灯前”的一个“甚”字，领起以下三句，由景及情，渐渐道出了客子的愁苦情怀。一个客居在外的人，面对孤灯一盏，当然没有好心情。客中的情怀、重重心事和天涯漂泊的苦况，萦绕在枕边耳际。这万千的心事，作者仅用了以下两句来进行概括：“三千丈清愁鬓发，五十年春梦繁华。”上句化用李白《秋浦歌·白发三千丈》诗句“白发三千丈，缘愁似个长”，说明自己白发因愁而生，表现了愁思的深长。下句说五十年来的生活，像梦一样过去了。这两句写出了作者无限的愁思和感怆。
“蓦见人家”以下三句，陡然一转，将视线移向窗外人家，这家门前的杨柳如含烟雾一般，长得与屋檐相齐，充满着春来柳发的一片生机，给这家人家带来盎然的春意和生活的情趣。此情此景，更反衬出游子天涯飘泊的孤独之感。李清照《永遇乐·落日熔金》词中有“如今憔悴，风鬟雾鬓，怕见夜间出去。不如向帘儿底下，听人笑语”，即是用人家的笑语欢言来反衬自己的寂寞伤神，此曲抒情手法与此一脉相承。
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孟浩然《
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清明即事》
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冯延巳《
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鹊踏枝·六曲阑干偎碧树》
乔吉简介
唐代·乔吉的简介
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乔吉(1280?～1345) 元代杂剧家、散曲作家。一称乔吉甫，字梦符，号笙鹤翁，又号惺惺道人。太原人，流寓杭州。钟嗣成在《录鬼簿》中说他“美姿容，善词章，以威严自饬，人敬畏之”，又作吊词云：“平生湖海少知音，几曲宫商大用心。百年光景还争甚？空赢得，雪鬓侵，跨仙禽，路绕云深。”从中大略可见他的为人。剧作存目十一，有《杜牧之诗酒扬州梦》、《李太白匹配金钱记》、《玉箫女两世姻缘》三种传世。
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