鹤冲天·清明天气
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宋代]：杜安世
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清明天气，永日愁如醉。台榭绿阴浓，薰风细。燕子巢方就，盆池小，新荷蔽。恰是逍遥际。单夹衣裳，半笼软玉肌体。
石榴美艳，一撮红绡比。窗外数修篁，寒相倚。有个关心处，难相见，空凝睇。行坐深闺里，懒更妆梳，自知新来憔悴。
鹤冲天·清明天气译文及注释
译文
正值清明天气，愁绪萦怀，整日没精打采，如痴如醉。暖风轻拂，台榭的周围，绿树成荫。归来的燕子，新巢已经筑成，小小的池塘，长满了青青的荷叶。正是悠然欣赏游玩的时节，然而生活在这里的女主人公却只是将单衣随意披在肩上。
鲜红的石榴花就像红色的薄绸。女主人公倚靠在窗外几竿修长的竹子下。有一个她关心的人，却难以相见，只能白白的盼望。女子在深闺里一会儿坐下，一会儿又站起，坐立不安，也不想梳妆打扮，虽然思念使人憔悴，但即使打扮好了，遮盖了憔悴的颜色，又有谁来欣赏呢？
注释
鹤冲天：词牌名，双调八十四字，上片九句五仄韵，下片八句五仄韵。
台榭：建在土台上的敞屋。
薰风：和风，初夏时之东南风。又同“南风"。
蔽：遮盖，指荷叶长满荷池。
红绡（xiāo）：红色薄绸。
修篁（huáng）：修竹，高长之竹。xiāo
关心处：指关心之人。
凝睇（dì）：凝视，注视，注目斜视。
参考资料：
1、马俊芬编著．古代闺恋诗词三百首：中国国际广播出版社，2014.09：213
2、朱德才主编．增订注释全宋词：文化艺术出版社，1997.12：140
鹤冲天·清明天气创作背景
这首词具体的创作年代已不详。杜安世是一位多情自古伤离别的人，他深知女子们在特定社会情态、生活遭遇下或悲悼、或悔恨、或失落、或惆怅的复杂心理状态。这首《鹤冲天》即反映如此。
参考资料：
1、木溪著．最美莫过迤逦词：石油工业出版社，2013.08：66
2、魏丕植著．解读诗词大家 2 宋代卷：作家出版社，2013.04：58
鹤冲天·清明天气鉴赏
这首词是北宋前期词人杜安世的作品，词风与柳永相近，长铺叙，少粉饰，是一首典型的闺怨词。
上片重点铺叙居住的环境和时序景致，也写出了环境中的人物。“清明天气，永日愁如醉”，点出人物清明天气中的感受。清明是春分之后的一个节令，此时已入暮春，梅、杏、桃等花相继调谢，最容易引起思妇离人的愁怀。“愁如醉”，兼状愁人的内心感受和外表现。愁绪袭来，内心模模糊糊，外表则显现为表情呆滞。愁人是容易感到日长的，何况清明之后，白昼又确实是逐渐地长了起来，故曰“永日愁如醉”。
接着，作者笔锋一转，描写闺人所居住的环境。“台榭绿阴浓”至“新荷蔽”数句，活画出一幅春末夏初的园林美景。暖风轻拂；台榭的周围，绿树成荫；归来的燕子，新巢已经筑成；小小的池塘，长满了青青的荷叶。如此美景，“恰是逍遥际”，作者认为正是优游自地赏玩景物的好时光！但是却只“单夹衣裳，半笼软玉肌体。”词的抒情女主人公，一位肌肤柔软洁白的佳人披着件薄薄的夹衣，呆呆地站立那里。“半笼”两字，见出她披衣时的漫不经心；而开头“永日愁如醉”句已作了提示，这里作一呼应，写出她神情呆滞之状。另外，此处作者把写人和写景的关系处理得很好。优美的环境，衬托着美丽的闺人，恍如绿叶丛中簇拥着牡丹，相得益彰；同时环境和人物又构成了反衬：景物自佳而人物自愁，节奏并不协调，于是更显出了人物的愁绪之重。
下片着重写闺人的幽怨情怀和憔悴情态，但却从景物写起：“石榴美艳，一撮红绡比。”这是以“红绡”比石榴花之红以状其美。石榴夏季开花，花常呈橙红色，故白居易《题孤山寺山石榴花示诸僧众》诗云：“石榴花似结红巾，容艳新妍占断春。”以红色的织物比石榴花，大概就从这里开始，作者看来是受到过白诗的启发的；其后苏东坡也有“石榴半吐红巾蹙”（《贺新郎·乳燕飞华屋》）之句。文学上的继承借鉴而又有所变化，就是如此。这两句是继续写园林美景，词意更见错综。
“窗外数修篁”两句，是实写，也是虚写。实写就是女主人公的窗外大概真的有几竿修竹；因为中国的园林中，竹子是必不可少的。虚写就是她并不一定真的去相倚；这里用了杜甫《佳人》诗中的意境：“天寒翠袖薄，日暮倚修竹”，说明她也具有自怜幽独的怀抱而已。这两句，既是写景，也是写人，其作用是从写景过渡到写人，而且本身已具有丰富的幽怨内涵。
紧接着上面两句，作者揭示了女主人公心灵幽怨满怀、行动呆滞，是因为“有个关心处，难相见，空凝睇。”意即有一个她关心的人，却难以相见，只能白白地盼望。这行文上是水到渠成的一笔，对女主人公的情怀、表现那么多，其原因也该有一个交代了。
结语三句：“行坐深闺里，懒更妆梳，自知新来憔悴。”是对女主人公情态的进一步刻画，也是对这个人物形象的补足性刻画。她深闺里行坐不安，形容憔悴，没有什么心思去梳妆打扮。经过了最后这几句的进一步刻画，一位因怀念远人而憔悴幽怨的闺中少妇的形象，呼之欲出了。
这首词，前片着重写景，后片着重写人，但又紧紧围绕着一个中心，即闺怨。这样，词的气脉就一气贯串，不枝不蔓，人物形象也渐趋完满。
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韦庄《
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长安清明》
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杜安世《
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鹤冲天·清明天气》
杜安世简介
唐代·杜安世的简介
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杜安世，生卒不详，京兆（今陕西西安）人。字寿域，（一作名寿 ，字安世）陈振孙《直斋书录解题》卷二一载《杜寿域词》一卷，谓“京兆杜安世撰，未详其人，词亦不工”；列于张先后、欧阳修前。黄升《花庵词选》云：字安世，名寿域。有陆贻典校本《杜寿域词》。与《四库总目提要》卷200，谓其词“往往失之浅俗，字句尤多凑泊”。慢词作家，亦能自度新曲。《四库总目》传于世。有《寿域词》一卷。
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张羽（凤举）
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犹是行春队里仙，闻名未胜见时贤。交从暇日酬知己，饮托雄文纪盛筵。
出郭图书留近驿，隔江灯火候归船。送君便重思前度，不道长安远日边。
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大名客舍
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元代：
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曹伯启
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辞乡弹指浃旬过，谩拟长松带女萝。僧室梦回愁思冗，侯门食罢强颜多。
世途千里心如折，茅屋双亲鬓已皤。富贵本来勤苦得，不须弹铗动高歌。
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饮酒杂诗 其三
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元代：
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袁桷
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弱冠不饮酒，篝灯横玉绳。或云酒中趣，湛湛浮云蒸。
弃书试其言，杲若乌轮升。天根转晴雷，坚城为之崩。