苏氏别业
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唐代]：祖咏
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别业居幽处，到来生隐心。
南山当户牖，沣水映园林。
屋覆经冬雪，庭昏未夕阴。
寥寥人境外，闲坐听春禽。
苏氏别业译文及注释
译文
别墅地处在幽独闲静的僻壤，到这儿你把隐居的生活想往。
当着窗扉能看到南山的远影，粼粼泮水掩映着园林的风光。
经冬的残雪仍覆盖在竹梢上，太阳未落山庭院已昏暗无光。
寂寥的幽境仿佛是世外桃源，闲听春鸟声能慰藉你的愁肠。
注释
别业：别墅。
到来：来到，来临。隐心：隐居之意。
南山：指终南山，属秦岭山脉，在今陕西省西安市南。户牖（yǒu）：门和窗。此指窗户。
沣（fēng）水：水名，发源于秦岭，经户县、西安入渭水。
屋：一作“竹”。
未夕：还未到黄昏。阴：天色昏暗。
人境：尘世；人所居止的地方。
春禽：春鸟。
参考资料：
1、彭定求 等．全唐诗（上）．上海：上海古籍出版社，1986：306
2、蒙万夫 等．千家诗鉴赏辞典．西安：世界图书出版公司，2006：382-383
苏氏别业创作背景
祖咏喜欢幽静，性情高雅，洒脱超俗，向往心灵的宁静。他一到清幽的别业，就感到自己仿佛超脱凡尘，烦恼、杂念全部消失，非常舒心惬意，于是写下此诗。
参考资料：
1、蒙万夫 等．千家诗鉴赏辞典．西安：世界图书出版公司，2006：382-383
苏氏别业鉴赏
(屋一作：竹)
这首诗题写友人苏氏别业园林的寂静、景物的清幽，并说在这样的环境中，人们会身心两忘，万念俱寂，油然而生归隐之心。
首联两句概述苏氏别业的清幽宁静，先点明别墅坐落在深山幽僻之处，再抒写自己一到别墅就产生了隐逸之情。叙事干净利落，开篇即点明主旨。以下，就从各个角度写景抒情，具体阐述这个“临幽欲隐”的主题。
中间四句写景极美妙。高峻辽阔的终南山，充当了这座别墅的门窗。住在这所别墅的人，推开门窗就能尽览奇秀的山色。而那一道从终南山流出来的沣水，它的粼粼碧波映照着别墅的园林。由此别墅主人自然又可以经常观赏青山、园林的秀丽倒影了。这两句描写别墅环境的幽美，依山傍水，境界开阔。巧妙之处是采用借景的手法，借窗户绘南山，借园林写沣水，在小景、近景中蕴藏着大景、远景，这就是王夫之在《姜斋诗话》中说的“以小景传大景之神”。“竹覆”、“庭昏”二句从远景转入近景，描写别墅园庭。诗人惊异地看到：遮掩着别墅的竹林，还覆盖着经久不化的白雪；尽管还没有到傍晚，庭院就已笼罩在浓重的昏暗之中。这两句诗，用字非常精炼。“经冬”，表明了这时已是春天；“未夕”，说明这是白昼。“覆”字表现积雪很厚。在春天里，还有那么厚的积雪覆盖着竹林；在大白天里，庭院居然如此幽暗。这景色多么新奇呵，可见别墅所处地势很高，而且周围一定有山崖和郁茂的林木遮挡了阳光，因此特别清冷和幽暗。
颔联既写了近景，又写了远景，景物之间相互映衬，相得益彰。颈联描写别墅园庭，竹林上覆盖着积雪，白天的庭院却显得幽暗，以此烘托出苏氏别业环境的清幽。这两联以新奇的笔法和语言，写出了奇特的深山幽景。前人对这四句诗评价很高。这四句诗的确写出了新鲜的、不同寻常的深山幽景。“庭昏未夕阴”一句，是自晋宋诗人颜延年《赠王太常诗》中的“庭昏见野阴”一句化出，但二语所写景色侧重点不同。颜诗是从“庭昏”显出旷野之阴；祖诗只写“庭昏”，却以“未夕阴”来烘衬。
尾联两句总括全诗。“寥寥人境外”，写诗人的感受。置身在这清幽的深山别墅之中，他感到自己仿佛已脱离了尘世，整个身心融入到空阔的太虚境中，一切烦恼、杂念全都消失了。于是，他静静地坐下来，悠闲地聆听深山中春鸟的啼鸣。全诗前七句都是写静景，没有声息。诗人在篇末表现自己闲坐听春禽，以声音传递出春的讯息。
唐代诗评家殷璠在《河岳英灵集》中评祖咏诗说：“剪刻省净，用思尤苦。气虽不高，调颇凌俗。”从这首诗中可以见出一斑。
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苏轼《
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西江月·坐客见和复次韵》
祖咏简介
唐代·祖咏的简介
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祖咏 唐代诗人。洛阳（今属河南）人。生卒年不详。少有文名，擅长诗歌创作。与王维友善。王维在济州赠诗云："结交二十载，不得一日展。贫病子既深，契阔余不浅。"（《赠祖三咏》）其流落不遇的情况可知。开元十二年(724)，进士及第，长期未授官。后入仕，又遭迁谪，仕途落拓，后归隐汝水一带。
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