述国亡诗
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五代]：花蕊夫人
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君王城上竖降旗，妾在深宫那得知？
十四万人齐解甲，更无一个是男儿！
述国亡诗译文及注释
译文
后蜀国的君王城楼上竟然竖起了白旗，你们哪知道我被封锁在了这冷清清的行宫里？
守卫君王的十四万人一起脱下了金闪闪的铠甲，其实这些人中没有一个是守卫国家的男子！
注释
妾：花蕊夫人自称。
解甲：解除武装，指投降。
更无：一作“宁无”。
述国亡诗创作背景
费氏（一说姓徐），青城（今四川都江堰市）人，因才貌双全，得幸于后蜀主孟昶，拜贵妃，别号花蕊夫人。她曾仿王建作宫词百首，为时人称许。孟蜀亡国后，被掳入宋。宋太祖久闻其诗名，召她陈诗。徐氏就诵了这首“述亡国之由”的诗。
参考资料：
1、《唐诗鉴赏辞典》.上海辞书出版社，1983年12月版，第1378-1379页
述国亡诗鉴赏
此诗破题就直述国亡之事：“君王城上竖降旗”。史载后蜀君臣极为奢侈，荒淫误国，宋军压境时，孟昶一筹莫展，屈辱投降。诗句只说“竖降旗”，遣词含蓄。下语只三分而命意十分，耐人玩味。
次句“妾在深宫那得知”，纯用口语，而意蕴微妙。大致有两重含义：首先，历代追咎国亡的诗文多持“女祸亡国”论，如把商亡归咎于妲己，把吴亡归咎于西施等等。而这句诗则象是针对“女祸亡国”而作的自我申辩。语似轻声叹息，然措词微婉，而大有深意。其次，即使退一步说，“妾”及时得知投降的事也照样于事无补，一个弱女子不可能有回天之力。不过，“那得知”云云毕竟还表示了一种廉耻之心，比起甘心作阶下囚的“男儿”们终究不可同日而语。这就为下面的怒斥预留了地步。
第三句照应首句“竖降旗”，描绘出蜀军“十四万人齐解甲”的投降场面。史载当时破蜀宋军仅数万人，而后蜀则有“十四万人”之众。以数倍于敌的兵力，背城借一，即使面临强敌，当无亡国之理。可是一向耽于享乐的孟蜀君臣毫无斗志，闻风丧胆，终于演出众降于寡的丑剧。“十四万人”没有一个死国的志士，没有一星半点丈夫气概，当然是语带夸张，却有力写出了一个女子的羞愤：可耻在于不战而亡。
至此，作者的羞愤痛切之情已酝酿充分，于是爆发出一句热骂：“更无一个是男儿！”“更无一个”与“十四万人”对比，“男儿”与前面“妾”对照，可谓痛快淋漓。“诗可以怨”，其实岂但可怨而已，这里已是“嬉笑怒骂，皆成文章”了。
此诗写得很有激情，表现出亡国的沉痛和对误国者的痛切之情；更写得有个性，活现出一个活泼泼有性格的女性形象。诗人以女子身份骂人枉为男儿，就比一般有力，个性色彩鲜明。就全诗看，有前三句委婉含蓄作铺垫，虽泼辣而不失委婉，非一味发露、缺乏情韵之作可比。
据宋吴曾《能改斋漫录》，花蕊夫人作此诗则有所本。“前蜀王衍降后唐，王承旨作诗云：‘蜀朝昏主出降时，衔璧牵羊倒系旗。二十万人齐拱手，更无一个是男儿。’”对照二诗，徐氏对王诗几处改动都很好。原诗前二句太刻意吃力，不如改作之含蓄有味，特别是改用第一人称“妾”的口气来写，比原作多一重意味，顿添神采。这样的改作实有再造之功。就诗人陈诗一事而论，不但表现了廉耻之心，而且有几分胆气。这行为本身就足为孟蜀“男儿”羞。所以，此诗得到一代雄主赵匡胤的赏识，不是偶然的。
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柳永《
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驻马听·凤枕鸾帷》
花蕊夫人简介
唐代·花蕊夫人的简介
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在五代十国时期，有几位被称作花蕊夫人的女性，她们不仅容貌美丽，而且能诗善赋，多才多艺。有关她们的事迹，多散见于五代至两宋的各种史籍之中，因其所处时代相同，且又均被称为花蕊夫人，她们的身份、事迹至今仍有许多疑谜。世传《花蕊夫人宫词》100多篇，其中确实可靠者90多首，诗一卷（《全唐诗》下卷第七百九十八）归属于孟昶妃，但词中有“法元寺里中元节，又是管家降诞辰”语，中元节为旧历七月十五日，正是王衍生日，而孟昶则生于十一月十四日，可知当出自王建淑妃手笔。
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