古离别
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唐代]:韦庄
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古离别译文及注释
译文
春光明艳,晴空上飘浮着一层淡淡的烟云,在柳枝披拂的大道口,正举行着一场送别的酒宴。无奈分别在即,愁肠百结,这酒也喝得不畅快。离人举起华贵的马鞭指向他此行将往的远方—江南。想到此去江南,那里草长莺飞,桃红柳绿,春色更美。只是良辰美景难有人与之共享,因此江南春色愈美愈增加人的愁苦,使人痛断肚肠。
注释
毵毵(sān):柳叶枝条下垂貌。
不那:同“不奈”,即无奈。
古离别鉴赏
写文艺作品的人,大抵都懂得一种环境衬托的手法:同样是一庭花月;在欢乐的时候,它们似乎要为人起舞;而当悲愁之际,它们又好像替人垂泪了。韦庄这首《古离别》,跳出了这种常见的比拟,用优美动人的景色来反衬离愁别绪,却获得和谐统一的效果。
晴烟漠漠,杨柳毵毵,日丽风和,一派美景。作者没有把和挚友离别时的春天故意写成一片黯淡,而是如实地写出它的浓丽,并且着意点染杨柳的风姿,从而暗暗透出了在这个时候分别的难堪之情。第二句转入“不那离情酒半酣”,一下子构成一种强烈的反跌,使满眼春光都好像黯然失色,有春色越浓所牵起的离情别绪就越强烈的感觉。“酒半酣”三字也写得好,不但带出离筵别宴的情景,让人看出在柳荫之下置酒送行的场面,并且巧妙地写出人物此时的内心感情。因为假如酒还没有喝,离别者的理智还可以把感情勉强抑制,如果喝得太多,感情又会完全控制不住;只有酒到半酣的时候,别情的无可奈何才能给人以深切的体味。“酒半酣”之于“不那”,起着深化人物感情的作用。
三、四两句再进一层。此地明媚春光,已使人如此不奈离情,那么此去江南,江南春色更浓,更要使远行人断肠了。所以临别时,送行者用马鞭向南方指点着,饶有深意地说出“断肠春色在江南”的话。
常建《送宇文六》诗说:“花映垂杨汉水清,微风林里一枝轻。即今江北还如此,愁杀江南离别情。”李嘉祐《夜宴南陵留别》诗也说:“雪满庭前月色闲,主人留客未能还。预愁明日相思处,匹马千山与万山。”结尾都是深一层的写法。前代文艺评论家称之为“厚”,也就是有深度。“厚”,就能够更加饱满地完成诗的主题。
这首诗色调鲜明,音节谐美,浅而不露,淡而有韵,予人以一种清新的美感。淡淡的晴烟,青青的杨柳,衬托着道旁的离筵别酒,仿佛一幅诗意盎然的设色山水。诗中人临别时扬鞭指点的动作,又使这幅画图显得栩栩如生。读着它,人们很容易联想起宋元画家所画的小品,风格和情致都相当接近。
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刘基《
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千秋岁·淡烟平楚》
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薛涛《
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送友人》
韦庄简介
唐代·韦庄的简介
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韦庄(约836年─910年),字端己,杜陵(今中国陕西省西安市附近)人,诗人韦应物的四代孙,唐朝花间派词人,词风清丽,有《浣花词》流传。曾任前蜀宰相,谥文靖。
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