代赠二首
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唐代]：李商隐
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楼上黄昏欲望休，玉梯横绝月中钩。
芭蕉不展丁香结，同向春风各自愁。
东南日出照高楼，楼上离人唱石州。
代赠二首译文及注释
译文
黄昏独上高楼欲望还休，楼梯横断情郎不来，一弯新月如钩。
蕉心未展丁香也郁结未解，它们同时向着春风各自忧愁。
日出东南方照耀高楼，楼上心怀离愁的人唱着《石洲》。
纵然眉黛像春山、春山如眉黛，也不知承受得多少忧愁？
注释
望欲休：远望黄昏景色，可是很快天黑了。
玉梯横绝：华美的楼梯横断，无由得上。
芭蕉不展：蕉心紧裹未展。丁香结：丁香开花后其子缄结于厚壳之中。
石洲：见《乐府诗集》，为思妇怀远之作。
总：纵使。眉黛（dài）：黛眉。古时妇女好以青黑色的颜料画眉。
参考资料：
1、黄世中．李商隐诗选：中华书局，2005：189-190
2、李元洛．在天愿作比翼鸟：历代文人爱情诗词曲三百首：湖南大学出版社，2000：181
3、张声启．中国历代爱情诗萃：武汉大学出版社，2003：271-272
4、李淼．李商隐诗三百首译赏：长春出版社，1990：477-478
代赠二首创作背景
代赠是指代人写作赠人之诗，也可能是诗人故意这样标题，并非真有代拟对象，因这类诗多写相思之情。这两首诗未编年，具体创作年代已不详。
参考资料：
1、黄世中．李商隐诗选：中华书局，2005：189-190
2、张声启．中国历代爱情诗萃：武汉大学出版社，2003：271-272
代赠二首鉴赏
第一首诗以一女子的口吻，写她不能与情人相会的愁绪。诗中所写的时间是春日的黄昏。诗人用以景托情的手法，从诗的主人公所见到的缺月、芭蕉、丁香等景物中，衬托出她的内心感情。诗的开头四字，就点明了时间、地点：“楼上黄昏”。接下“欲望休”三字则维妙逼肖地描摹出女子的行动：她举步走到楼头，想去望望远处，却又凄然而止。这里，不仅使读者看到了女子的姿态，而且也透露出她那无奈作罢的神情。“欲望休”一本作“望欲休”。“休”作“停止”、“罢休”之意。“欲望”，是想去望她的情人。但又欲望还休。南朝诗人江淹《倡妇自悲赋》写汉宫佳人失宠独居，有“青苔积兮银阁涩，网罗生兮玉梯虚”之句。“玉梯虚”是说玉梯虚设，无人来登。此诗的“玉梯横绝”，是说玉梯横断，无由得上，喻指情人被阻隔，无法相会。此连上句，是说女子渴望见到情人，因此想去眺望；但又蓦然想到他必定来不了，只得止步。欲望还休，把女子复杂矛盾的心理活动和孤寂无聊的失望情态，写得巧妙逼真。“月如钩”一本作“月中钩”，意同。它不仅烘托了环境的寂寞与凄清，还有象征意义：月儿的缺而不圆，就像是一对情人的不得会合。
三四句仍然通过写景来进一步揭示女子的内心感情。第二句缺月如钩是女子抬头所见远处天上之景；这两句则是女子低头所见近处地上景色。高下远近，错落有致。这里的芭蕉，是蕉心还未展开的芭蕉，稍晚于诗人的钱珝《未展芭蕉》诗中的“芳心犹卷怯春寒”，写的就是这种景象；这里的丁香，也不是花瓣盛展的丁香，而是缄结不开的花蕾。它们共同对着黄昏时清冷的春风，哀愁无边。这既是女子眼前实景的真实描绘，同时又是借物写人，以芭蕉喻情人，以丁香喻女子自己，隐喻二人异地同心，都在为不得与对方相会而愁苦。物之愁，兴起、加深了人之愁，是“兴”；物之愁，亦即人之愁，又是“比”。芭蕉丁香既是诗人的精心安排，同时又是即目所见，随手拈来，显得格外自然。
第二首诗也是以女子的口吻写与情人离别的愁思。具体的写作时间已不可考。
景与情、物与人融为一体，“比”与“兴”融为一体，精心结构而又毫无造作，是此诗的极为成功之处。特别是“芭蕉不展丁香结，同向春风各自愁”两句，意境很美，含蕴无穷，历来为人所称道，《诗话类编》就把它特别标举出来，深受赞赏。
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李颀《
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少室雪晴送王宁》
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何逊《
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送韦司马别》
李商隐简介
唐代·李商隐的简介
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李商隐，字义山，号玉溪（谿）生、樊南生，唐代著名诗人，祖籍河内（今河南省焦作市）沁阳，出生于郑州荥阳。他擅长诗歌写作，骈文文学价值也很高，是晚唐最出色的诗人之一，和杜牧合称“小李杜”，与温庭筠合称为“温李”，因诗文与同时期的段成式、温庭筠风格相近，且三人都在家族里排行第十六，故并称为“三十六体”。其诗构思新奇，风格秾丽，尤其是一些爱情诗和无题诗写得缠绵悱恻，优美动人，广为传诵。但部分诗歌过于隐晦迷离，难于索解，至有“诗家总爱西昆好，独恨无人作郑笺”之说。因处于牛李党争的夹缝之中，一生很不得志。死后葬于家乡沁阳（今河南焦作市沁阳与博爱县交界之处）。作品收录为《李义山诗集》。
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