菩萨蛮·江城烽火连三月
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宋代]：李弥逊
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江城烽火连三月。不堪对酒长亭别。休作断肠声。老来无泪倾。
风高帆影疾。目送舟痕碧。锦字几时来。薰风无雁回。
菩萨蛮·江城烽火连三月鉴赏
李弥逊为南宋初年颇有民族气节的官吏。曾任校书郎、起居郎、户部侍郎等职，并担任过庐山知县、冀州知州等地方官。他主张抗金，反对与金议和，为秦桧所排斥，晚年归隐连江西山。这首《菩萨蛮》当作于南宋初金兵大举南下时。当时金兵逼近长江，情势危急，为避兵灾，词人送别妻子去南方，词就是写了这送别时的一幕。
词的起句即交代了送别时的背景和地点，为下文张本。“烽火连三月”，三个月来兵火不息，人民离乱，这才会有江城送妻子离开之举。分别，不是丈夫宦游他方，而是妻子避难，心情自然不同一般。长亭之上，虽然设酒饯别，可是“不堪对酒”。“不堪”。不能忍受之意，包含有妻离子散之苦，国破家残之痛。因其“不堪”，其妻泪下如瀑，悲声漫江，词人反劝其“休作断肠声”，自己已是“老来无泪倾”。自己泪泉已涸，并非不动情，而是老泪已尽，这正是极度悲愤的表现。词人这时的心情惨痛至极，强敌当前，内奸弄权，自己还得坚守御敌阵地，也可能朝不保夕了，这才把妻子送走。这里说休作断肠声，比放声哭嚎更为凄怆，说老来无泪，比写涕泣涟涟更为伤心。
词的下片紧承上片，写目送帆影远去的情景。“风高帆影疾，目送舟痕碧”，“风高”和舟疾相联系，船去得很快，词人伫立江岸，眼看着船在水面留下的长长波痕。妻子身去心留，他希望她去得快，早离祸地；又希望她走得慢，难舍难分。“孤帆远影碧空尽，惟见长江天际流”（李白《送孟浩然之广陵》）。词人凝望近眺之态，呼之欲出。缘此，也可想见妻子立于船头，望着丈夫鹄首翘望的身姿，想着抛撇丈夫于锋刃之间的危殆，断肠声如高风呜呜，伤心泪似江水滔滔。末二句“锦字几时来？薰风无雁回”，化用“雁足传书”和“织锦回文”的典故。“薰风”指南风。初夏时南风吹，鸿雁早已飞往北方，“锦字”无法捎回。妻子此去，归期难定，讯息难盼，生死未卜，词人内心的痛苦到了无以复加的地步可想而知。
这首词由实写到虚，由近写到远，由己写到人，从别前写到别时、别后，层层渲染，步步深透，写情臻于极致。尤其“休作断肠声，老来无泪倾”，以超常思维写感情状态，出乎常情，又入乎寰中，更使词产生了惊魂震魄的力量。
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史达祖《
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王士祯《
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李弥逊简介
唐代·李弥逊的简介
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李弥逊（1085～1153）字似之，号筠西翁、筠溪居士、普现居士等，吴县（今江苏苏州）人。大观三年（1109）进士。高宗朝，试中书舍人，再试户部侍郎，以反对议和忤秦桧，乞归田。晚年隐连江（今属福建）西山。所作词多抒写乱世时的感慨，风格豪放，有《筠溪乐府》，存词80余首。
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