浣溪沙·已落芙蓉并叶凋
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清代]：王国维
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已落芙蓉并叶凋。半枯萧艾过墙高。日斜孤馆易魂消。
坐觉清秋归荡荡，眼看白日去昭昭。人间争度渐长宵。
浣溪沙·已落芙蓉并叶凋译文及注释
译文
池中的荷花和荷叶已经凋敝了。有些枯黄的艾蒿从墙头冒了出来。夕阳照在孤寂的客舍上，更让人感到寂寞无奈。
坐看秋日的天空感觉一切正在消失当中。白天将会过去，继而是无尽的黑夜。又怎么能渡过一天比一天长的夜晚。
注释
①浣溪沙：唐代教坊曲名，后用为词牌。分平仄两体，字数以四十二字居多，还有四十四字和四十六字两种。
②芙蓉：荷花的别名。
③萧艾：艾蒿，臭草。
④孤馆：孤寂的客舍。
⑤清秋：明净爽朗的秋天。
⑥白日去昭昭：白日指太阳，阳光。昭昭指明亮。
⑦争度：怎么渡过。渐长宵：一天比一天长的夜晚。
参考资料：
1、叶嘉莹.王国维词新释辑评[M].北京:中国书店出版社,2006:524-527
2、王传胪.王国维与人间词[J].四川:四川大学学报,2002:101(8).
浣溪沙·已落芙蓉并叶凋创作背景
此词写于1908年秋，北京。王国维在这年正月续娶潘丽正为妻。三月，王国维携妻北上，潘氏操持家政，王国维有心治学。
参考资料：
1、陈鸿祥.人间词话人间词注评[M].江苏:江苏古籍出版社,2002:122.
浣溪沙·已落芙蓉并叶凋鉴赏
首悲秋的词，其中渗透着一种悲哀绝望的情绪。
“已落芙蓉并叶凋，半枯萧艾过墙高”是描写秋天萧瑟的景象，“日斜孤馆易魂销”是写个人的情绪。这是古人写悲秋题材时常用的套路。古人悲秋作品中的秋景是用来起兴的，因此一般都是写眼前实景。而“芙蓉”和“萧艾”两个词出于《离骚》，它们本身又是有象征意义的。所以，“已落芙蓉”两句虽看起来是“写境”，其实也有可能是“造境”。这种景象，也许确实是当时眼前所见的景象，但“萧艾”与“芙蓉”对举，再加上“半枯”和“过墙高”的形容，实在颇有些调侃的味道。似写实景而又暗含有寓托的深意，似含深意而实际上又是现实的写景，这正是王国维所擅长的本领。
但到了下阕，作者就开始把个人不遇的悲伤导向他的主旋律——对整个人间的悲悯了。“坐觉清秋归荡荡”是说，秋天虽然凄凉，但秋天的一切也正在消失，继之以更为凄凉的冬天。“眼看白日去昭昭”是说，白天很快也就要过去了，继之以漫长的黑夜。这两句的口吻，使人感到一种宿命已定无可奈何的恐惧。“争度”，是“怎么度过”。这是一种疑问，其中充满了对人间未来的担忧与焦虑。
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王国维（1877年—1927年），字伯隅、静安，号观堂、永观，汉族，浙江海宁盐官镇人。清末秀才。我国近现代在文学、美学、史学、哲学、古文字学、考古学等各方面成就卓著的学术巨子，国学大师。
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