浣溪沙·波面铜花冷不收
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宋代]：吴文英
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波面铜花冷不收。玉人垂钓理纤钩。月明池阁夜来秋。
江燕话归成晓别，水花红减似春休。西风梧井叶先愁。
浣溪沙·波面铜花冷不收译文及注释
译文
水波清澈的西湖像一面菱花铜镜，好像谁将它丢在冷夜里不来收拔，哪位美人理出钓竿，将一弯纤细的月钩垂钓在湖中，月色澄明映池阁，夜来池阁秋风冷。
当年像双燕呢喃话归，清晨时劳燕分飞，各自西东，仿佛随着春意终结，水面上莲荷凋谢了艳红。瑟瑟西风吹过天井的梧桐，最感到悲愁的叶子先自飘零。
注释
浣溪沙（huàn xī shā）：浣溪沙，唐玄宗时教坊名，后用为词调。一作“纱”。 有杂言、齐言二体。
铜花：铜镜。比喻水波清澈如镜。古代铜镜刻有花纹，故称铜花。
纤钩：新月影，如钩，弯细的月影，约农历初二、三时的月亮。冷来秋：指比秋天还冷
水花红：水边红蓼（liǎo），也叫水蓼，茎叶呈红色。晓：清晨时分。
水花：荷花。春休：春天结束。
梧井：井，即露井，无盖井。叶先愁：树叶先凋谢。梧井，取前《解连环》(暮檐凉薄)“叹梧桐未秋，露井先觉”词意，因梧桐落叶最早，由其叶落，即知秋至。
参考资料：
1、（清）蘅塘退士选编．唐诗三百首 合订注释本：巴蜀书社，1992：489
2、陶尔夫，刘敬圻著．吴梦窗词传 吴文英：吉林人民出版社，1998.：285
3、上彊村民选编．宋词三百首注评：凤凰出版社，2005：240
4、（清）上疆村民编．中国传统文化经典文库 珍藏版 宋词三百首：陕西旅游出版社，2003：156
5、刘卉宇编著．宋词菁华典评：太白文艺出版社，2009：281
浣溪沙·波面铜花冷不收鉴赏
此词乃是借写西湖秋夜之景，以此来怀念旧人之作，全词造境清奇，情意深永。
上片寓情于景，绘出西湖秋夜清冷凄寂之景，奇幻优美。当时波平如镜，月影在水，而词人只觉得梧桐叶落，一派秋意，生动描绘了一幅清冷寂寥的秋景图。“冷不收”是词人的刻意之言，说铜镜被遗落在凄冷的夜晚没有人收。陈洵在《海绡说词》里说：“‘玉人垂钓理纤钩’是下句倒影，非谓真有一玉人垂钓也。”“玉人垂钓理纤钩”营造了一个虚幻美丽的景象，写词人看见月亮倒映在湖水中，湖面竟然出现了一位“玉人”。这位玉人就是传说中的月宫美人嫦娥。月亮是真实的景物，而湖面的“玉人”是虚假的，这一真一假巧妙地融合在一起，显示出词人的想象力非常丰富，而且具有人情味。最后一句说池阁月夜冷寂方知已经人秋。“月明池阁”，点明词人身在池阁，欣赏月明西湖之景，而“夜来秋”写出词人在池阁上辗转难眠，只感到阵阵秋风袭来，分外奇寒，暗喻内心的凄凉。
下片回首当年与情人离别的情景，以西风井边梧桐落叶的萧瑟景色渲染悲凉气氛。
词人与情人在拂晓告别，看见湖水上的红莲都凋谢了，瑟瑟的西风吹得梧桐叶纷纷掉落。词人取江燕、水花的意象，描绘了一个劳燕分飞，花自飘零人自悲的凄惨景象。“水花红减”描写了西湖水面上娇艳的荷花凋败的景象，词人感叹时光的流逝，暗含对情人的相思之情。最后一句写景，却不仅仅是写景，景中见情，将词人悲切的心情刻画得入木三分。“西风”句是指西风吹拂梧桐，树叶瑟瑟抖动，如同悲秋，暗寓词人对飘零身世的深深感慨。
全词意境朦胧而清奇，情深而意重。
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吴文英（约1200～1260），字君特，号梦窗，晚年又号觉翁，四明（今浙江宁波）人。原出翁姓，后出嗣吴氏。与贾似道友善。有《梦窗词集》一部，存词三百四十余首，分四卷本与一卷本。其词作数量丰沃，风格雅致，多酬答、伤时与忆悼之作，号“词中李商隐”。而后世品评却甚有争论。
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