听晓角
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唐代]：李益
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边霜昨夜堕关榆，吹角当城汉月孤。
无限塞鸿飞不度，秋风卷入小单于。
听晓角译文及注释
译文
拂晓时分醒来，映入眼帘的是满地榆树叶，原来昨夜下了浓浓的秋霜，使得榆叶纷纷坠落。军中的号角声在城头响起，这时月亮还未落下，孤零零地挂在天边。
边塞辽阔无边，就连大雁也飞不到尽头。随风传来的晓角声里，吹奏的是《小单于》这首曲子。
注释
晓角：一作“鸣角”。角：古代军中的一种乐器。
关榆：古代北方边关城塞常种榆树，关榆就是指关旁的榆树。此句一作“繁霜一夜落平芜”。
汉月：一作“片月”。
无限：一作“无数”。
卷入：一作“吹入”。小单于：乐曲名。
参考资料：
1、彭定求 等．全唐诗（上）．上海：上海古籍出版社，1986：718
2、于海娣 等．唐诗鉴赏大全集．北京：中国华侨出版社，2010：317
听晓角鉴赏
李益这首《听晓角》载于《全唐诗》卷二百八十三。此诗旨在写征人的边愁乡思，但诗中只有一片角声在回荡，一群塞鸿在盘旋，既没有明白表达征人的愁思，甚至始终没有让征人出场。诗篇采用的是镜中取影手法，从角声、塞鸿折射出征人的处境和心情。它不直接写人，而人在诗中；不直接写情，而情见篇外。
诗的前两句“边霜昨夜堕关榆，吹角当城汉月孤”，是以环境气氛来烘托角声，点明这片角声响起的地点是边关，季节当深秋，时间方破晓。这时，浓霜满地，榆叶凋零，晨星寥落，残月在天；回荡在如此凄清的环境气氛中的角声，其声情该是多么悲凉哀怨，这是不言而喻的。从表面看，这两句只是写景，写角声，但这是以没有出场的征人为中心，写他的所见所闻，而且，字里行间还处处透露出他的所感所思。首句一开头，写霜而曰“边霜”，这既说明夜来的霜是降落在边关上，也写出了征人见霜时所产生的身在边关之感。次句在句末写到月，而在月后加了一个“孤”字；这不仅形容天上的月是孤零零的，更是写地上的人看到这片残月时的感觉也是孤零零的。
长期身在边关的李益，深知边声，特别是边声中的笛声、角声等是怎样拨动征人的心弦、牵引征人的愁思的；因此，他的一些边塞诗往往让读者从一个特定的音响环境进入人物的感情世界。如《夜上受降城闻笛》诗云。“回乐烽前沙似雪，受降城外月如霜。不知何处吹芦管，一夜征人尽望乡。”《从军北征》诗云：“天山雪后海风寒，横笛遍吹《行路难》。碛里征人三十万，一时回首月中看。”两诗都是从笛声写到听笛的征人，以及因此触发的情思、引起的反应。这首《听晓角》诗，也从音响着眼下笔，但在构思和写法上却另有其独特之处。它不像上述二诗那样，前两句之后接下去由角声写到倾听角声的征人，并进而道出他们的感受，而此诗的后两句却是：“无限塞鸿飞不度，秋风卷入《小单于》。”原来诗人的视线仍然停留在寥廓的秋空，从天边的孤月移向一群飞翔的鸿雁。这里，诗人目迎神往，驰骋他的奇特的诗思，运用他的夸张的诗笔，想象和描写这群从塞北飞到南方去的候鸟，听到秋风中传来画角吹奏的《小单于》曲，也深深为之动情，因而在关上低回留连，盘旋不度。这样写，以雁代人，从雁取影，深一步、曲一层地写出了角声的悲亢凄凉。雁犹如此，人何以堪，征人的感受就也不必再事描述了。
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钱惟演《
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对竹思鹤》
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苏轼《
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诉衷情·送述古迓元素》
李益简介
唐代·李益的简介
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李益(约750—约830)， 唐代诗人，字君虞，祖籍凉州姑臧（今甘肃武威市凉州区），后迁河南郑州。大历四年(769)进士，初任郑县尉，久不得升迁，建中四年(783)登书判拔萃科。因仕途失意，后弃官在燕赵一带漫游。以边塞诗作名世，擅长绝句，尤其工于七绝。
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