四园竹·浮云护月
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宋代]：周邦彦
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浮云护月，未放满朱扉。鼠摇暗壁，萤度破窗，偷入书帏。秋意浓，闲伫立，庭柯影里。好风襟袖先知。
夜何其。江南路绕重山，心知漫与前期。奈向灯前堕泪，肠断萧娘，旧日书辞犹在纸。雁信绝，清宵梦又稀。
四园竹·浮云护月译文及注释
译文
轻轻将月亮遮住，浮云似有意怜惜明月，不让她的光辉全部洒满朱扉。暗壁、破窗，鼠摇、萤度，萤是在不知不觉中进入书帏。主人公在幽寂的、静得怕人的室内再也呆不下了，只好步到中庭，悄立树阴，忽觉襟袖之间一阵好风吹来，当此深秋，独自悄立闲庭。
夜已经是什么时候了呢？伊人在江南，想去寻找呢，当初曾和她预约重逢日期，现在由于岁月推移，人事变化，恐怕已难于实现了。无奈，想到现在要是能和她再通书信的话，那虽不能见面，也可鱼来雁往，互诉相思，也是一种安慰。然而鱼沉雁杳，连做梦梦到相逢也越来越少。
注释
浮云护月：指月亮被薄云遮盖。杜甫《季秋苏五弟缨江夜宴》诗：“明月生长好，浮云薄渐遮。”
朱扉（fēi）：红漆的门。
鼠摇暗壁：老鼠在壁角暗处恣意活动。这是化用王安石《登宝公塔》诗：“鼠摇岑寂声随起”和崔涂《秋夕与王处士话别》诗：“虫声移暗壁，月色懂寒条。” [3] ④“萤度”二句：化用唐僧齐己《萤》诗：“透窗穿竹住还移……夜深飞过读书帏。”
庭柯：庭院里的树木。陶渊明《归去来兮辞》：“眄庭柯以怡颜。”
“好风”句：化用杜牧《秋思》诗：“微雨池塘见，好风襟袖知。”
夜何其：夜深已是什么时候？语本：《诗经·小雅·庭燎》：“夜如何其？夜未央。”
漫：枉然，徒然。指心中已不存希望。前期：早先的期约。
奈：无奈。
“肠断”二句：化用唐杨巨源《崔娘》诗：“风流才子多春思，肠断萧娘一纸书。”萧娘，这里代指作者所爱的美人。
雁信绝：书信断绝。古有鸿雁传书的传说。
参考资料：
1、夏承焘 ．《宋词鉴赏辞典》：上海辞书出版社，未知：第110页
2、刘扬忠．《周邦彦词选评》：上海古籍出版社，2003 ：第117页
四园竹·浮云护月创作背景
此词创作于元祐二年至绍圣四年之间，当时周邦彦再旅汴京之时所作，这也是一首抒写羁旅哀愁的词。
参考资料：
1、夏承焘 ．《宋词鉴赏辞典》：上海辞书出版社，未知：第110页
2、刘扬忠．《周邦彦词选评》：上海古籍出版社，2003 ：第117页
四园竹·浮云护月鉴赏
“浮云护月，未放满朱扉。”描写秋夜景色。化用杜甫诗：“明月生长好，浮云薄渐遮。”（《季秋苏五弟缨江楼夜宴》）以点明秋夜。作者翻出新意，说“浮云”为了“护月”，轻轻将月亮遮住，浮云似有意怜惜明月，不让她的光辉全部洒满朱扉。这一层朦胧黯淡的景色与词中主人公怀人伤感的心情是一致的。
“鼠摇暗壁，萤度破窗，偷入书帏。”两句对仗，上句是耳闻之声，下句是目睹之景，暗壁、破窗，一派贫居陋巷的潦倒景象。鼠摇、萤度，烘托室内寂静无人，引起词中主人公一种凄清幽独的感觉。“偷入书帏”系化用唐代诗僧齐己《萤》诗：“夜深飞入读书帏。”用一“偷”字，说明萤是在不知不觉中进入书帏的。万籁寂静之夜，词人在陋室之中所闻所见，用以烘托环境之寂寞、萧索。
“秋意浓，闲伫立，庭柯影里。”用内转之笔，点出时令，并入情。至此，词中主人公才正式露面，词中主人公在幽寂的、静得怕人的室内再也呆不下了，只好步到中庭，悄立树阴，忽觉襟袖之间一阵好风吹来，顿觉秋意已浓了。“里”字同部上声叶韵。
“好风襟袖先知。”系套用杜牧《秋思》诗中“好风襟袖知另加一“先”字，就不只是写襟袖而且是写人对风的敏锐感觉。空间已由室内转向室外。词中主人公当此深秋，独自悄立闲庭，“尽日伫立无言，赢得凄凉怀抱。”（柳永《满朝欢》）怀人之念，油然而生，上片结拍，情景交融，然秋宵夜永，独立庭心，逗出怀人契机。由此引入下片。
“夜何其。”借用《诗经·小雅·庭燎》“夜如何其”的诗句，“犹问夜已到何时，委婉曲折道出他夜深无眠。”“其”是句尾助词。这是作者设问：夜已经是什么时候了呢？暗示他独自悄立树阴，因怀人而夜不成寐。秋水伊人之感，也如晏几道词“梦入江南烟水路”（《蝶恋花》）一样，他所怀念的人也在山重水复的江南。
“江南路绕重山，心知谩与前期。”第一句写景，接着入情。美成所怀念之伊人，乃在江南重叠山峦之间，旧游之地，历历在目，想去寻找呢，又担心“行尽江南，不与离人遇。”（晏几道《蝶恋花》）；次句直抒胸臆：当时预约重逢的前期是徒然的，现在由于岁月推移，人事变化，恐怕已难于实现了。写到这里，似乎话已写尽，忽然看到恋人的旧时书信宛然在目，又触发旧情，引起新愁。
“奈向灯前堕泪，肠断萧娘，旧日书辞犹在纸。”“奈”，无可奈何之意”；“堕泪”非只今夜事，前时已然，亦包括今夜。“泪”字韵押同部去声。先写“堕泪”，再补写为何“堕泪”。“向灯前堕泪，肠断萧娘。”典出杨巨源《崔娘》诗：“风流才子多春思，肠断萧娘一纸书。”唐时以萧娘为女子之泛称，如将萧郎作为男子的泛称一样，并不指固定的人，如元稹诗：“揄扬陶令缘求酒，结托萧娘只在诗。”白居易诗：“风朝舞飞燕，雨夜泣萧娘”。这首词中的“萧娘”当然是指词中主人公的恋人。旧时“萧娘”书信一行行，一字字，分明写在纸上，读来令人肠断，睹物思人，不觉伤心落泪，这就是“旧日书辞犹在纸”所引起的感情激荡。他想到现在要是能和她再通书信的话，那虽不能见面，也可鱼来雁往，互诉相思，也是一种安慰。“纸”字韵押同部上声。
“雁信绝，清宵梦又稀。”结句低欲绝。虽想重通音问，但她“山长水阔知何处？”（晏殊《蝶恋花》）鱼沉雁杳，已够伤心，但若能常在梦中相逢，岂不也可聊慰相思之苦？在感情上得到某种补偿，这是他最后的幻想。但偏偏连梦也很少做，真是“梦魂纵有也成虚，那堪和梦无。”（晏几道《阮郎归》）他的要求逐步降低，由想见面降到只求通信，由求通信降到只求梦中想会也可以，但他的相思强度却逐步升高，直到连梦里相逢也难办到时，则最后的，最起码的希望也破灭了时，不免柔肠百结，低回欲绝，陷入了刻骨相思、彻底绝望的境地，抒情至此达到高峰，突然歇拍，余意不尽。
这首词由写景到抒情，由室内到室外，时空结合，层层递进，感情愈趋强烈，结构谨严，曲折多致。
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王昌龄《
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长信秋词五首》
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白居易《
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秋夕》
周邦彦简介
唐代·周邦彦的简介
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周邦彦（1056年－1121年），中国北宋末期著名的词人，字美成，号清真居士，汉族，钱塘（今浙江杭州）人。历官太学正、庐州教授、知溧水县等。徽宗时为徽猷阁待制，提举大晟府。精通音律，曾创作不少新词调。作品多写闺情、羁旅，也有咏物之作。格律谨严。语言典丽精雅。长调尤善铺叙。为后来格律派词人所宗。旧时词论称他为“词家之冠”。有《清真集》传世。
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明代：
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李东阳
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碧林红叶惊飞鸟，江上秋风下来早。雁去鸿辞烟水空，蒹葭落尽芙蓉老。
原头鹡鸰如有知，应怜岁暮得同栖。枝间戴胜声不住，应忆春园初降时。
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警世
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近现代：
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林豪
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黑心人有马儿骑，岂可人无得意时。怕者不来来不怕，疑人莫用用不疑。
虾蟆想吃天鹅肉，老虎要吞蝴蝶儿。善恶到头终有报，得便宜是失便宜。
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清平乐 集玉田句，赋芜园归思图
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清代：
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朱祖谋
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旧家池沼。镜里芙蓉老。满院飞花休要扫。过了一番残照。
人生苦恋天涯。此时那处堪归。不道江空岁晚，白鸥尚识天随。
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游仙诗十九首 其三
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魏晋：
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郭璞
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翡翠戏兰苕，容色更相鲜。绿萝结高林，蒙笼盖一山。
中有冥寂士，静啸抚清弦。放情凌霄外，嚼蕊挹飞泉。